RFC3261: SIP:2 SIP功能概述

2 Overview of SIP Functionality
2 SIP功能概述

SIP is an application-layer control protocol that can establish,modify, and terminate multimedia sessions (conferences) such as Internet telephony calls. SIP can also invite participants to already existing sessions, such as multicast conferences. Media can
be added to (and removed from) an existing session.  SIP transparently supports name mapping and redirection services, which supports personal mobility [27] - users can maintain a single externally visible identifier regardless of their network location.

​SIP是一种应用层控制协议，可以建立、修改和终止多媒体会话（会议），如互联网电话呼叫。SIP还可以邀请参与者参加已经存在的会话，例如多播会议。媒体可以添加到现有会话中（也可以从中删除）。SIP透明地支持名称映射和重定向服务，支持个人移动[27]-用户可以维护单个外部可见的标识符，而不管其网络位置如何。

SIP supports five facets of establishing and terminating multimedia communications:

SIP支持建立和终止多媒体通信的五个方面：

      User location: determination of the end system to be used for communication;

用户位置：确定用于通信的最终系统；

      User availability: determination of the willingness of the called party to engage in communications;

用户可用性：确定被叫方参与通信的意愿；

      User capabilities: determination of the media and media parameters to be used;

用户能力：确定要使用的媒体和媒体参数；

      Session setup: "ringing", establishment of session parameters at both called and calling party;

会话设置：“振铃”，在被叫方和主叫方建立会话参数；

      Session management: including transfer and termination of sessions, modifying session parameters, and invoking services.

会话管理：包括会话的传输和终止、会话参数的修改和服务的调用。

   SIP is not a vertically integrated communications system.  SIP is rather a component that can be used with other IETF protocols to build a complete multimedia architecture.  Typically, these  architectures will include protocols such as the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) (RFC 1889 [28]) for transporting real-time data and providing QoS feedback, the Real-Time streaming protocol (RTSP) (RFC 2326 [29]) for controlling delivery of streaming media, the Media Gateway Control Protocol (MEGACO) (RFC 3015 [30]) for controlling gateways to the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), and the Session Description Protocol (SDP) (RFC 2327 [1]) for describing multimedia sessions.  Therefore, SIP should be used in conjunction with other protocols in order to provide complete services to the users.  However, the basic functionality and operation of SIP does not depend on any of these protocols.

​SIP不是一个垂直集成的通信系统。SIP是一个可以与其他IETF协议一起使用以构建完整的多媒体体系结构的组件。通常，这些体系结构将包括诸如用于传输实时数据和提供QoS反馈的实时传输协议（RTP）（RFC 1889[28]）、用于控制流媒体的递送的实时流协议（RTSP）（RFC 2326[29]）、用于控制到公共交换电话网（PSTN）的网关的媒体网关控制协议（MEGACO）（RFC 3015[30]）和用于描述多媒体会话的会话描述协议（SDP）（RFC 2327[1]）。因此，SIP应该与其他协议结合使用，以便向用户提供完整的服务。然而，SIP的基本功能和操作并不依赖于这些协议中的任何一个。

   SIP does not provide services.  Rather, SIP provides primitives that can be used to implement different services.  For example, SIP can locate a user and deliver an opaque object to his current location. If this primitive is used to deliver a session description written in SDP, for instance, the endpoints can agree on the parameters of a session.  If the same primitive is used to deliver a photo of the caller as well as the session description, a "caller ID" service can be easily implemented.  As this example shows, a single primitive is typically used to provide several different services.

SIP不提供服务。相反，SIP提供了可用于实现不同服务的原语。例如，SIP可以定位用户并将不透明对象传递到其当前位置。例如，如果该原语用于传递用SDP编写的会话描述，则端点可以就会话的参数达成一致。如果使用相同的原语来传递调用者的照片和会话描述，那么“调用者ID”服务就可以很容易地实现。如本例所示，单个原语通常用于提供几个不同的服务。

   SIP does not offer conference control services such as floor control or voting and does not prescribe how a conference is to be managed. SIP can be used to initiate a session that uses some other conference control protocol.  Since SIP messages and the sessions they establish can pass through entirely different networks, SIP cannot, and does not, provide any kind of network resource reservation capabilities.

SIP不提供会议控制服务，如发言权控制或投票，也没有规定如何管理会议。SIP可以用于发起使用某些其他会议控制协议的会话。由于SIP消息及其建立的会话可以通过完全不同的网络，因此SIP不能也不提供任何类型的网络资源预留能力。

   The nature of the services provided make security particularly important.  To that end, SIP provides a suite of security services, which include denial-of-service prevention, authentication (both user to user and proxy to user), integrity protection, and encryption and privacy services.

所提供服务的性质使得安全问题尤为重要。为此，SIP提供了一套安全服务，包括拒绝服务预防、身份验证（用户对用户和代理对用户）、完整性保护以及加密和隐私服务。

   SIP works with both IPv4 and IPv6.

SIP同时适用于IPv4和IPv6。