RFC3261: SIP:10.1注册概述

10.1 Overview
10.1注册概述

   SIP offers a discovery capability.  If a user wants to initiate a session with another user, SIP must discover the current host(s) at which the destination user is reachable.  This discovery process is frequently accomplished by SIP network elements such as proxy servers and redirect servers which are responsible for receiving a request, determining where to send it based on knowledge of the location of the user, and then sending it there.  To do this, SIP network elements consult an abstract service known as a location service, which provides address bindings for a particular domain.  These address bindings map an incoming SIP or SIPS URI, sip:bob@biloxi.com, for example, to one or more URIs that are somehow "closer" to the desired user, sip:bob@engineering.biloxi.com, for example. Ultimately, a proxy will consult a location service that maps a received URI to the user agent(s) at which the desired recipient is currently residing.

SIP提供了发现功能。如果用户想启动与另一个用户的会话，SIP必须发现目标用户可访问的当前主机。该发现过程通常由诸如代理服务器和重定向服务器之类的SIP网络元件来完成，这些SIP网络元件负责接收请求，基于对用户位置的了解来确定将请求发送到哪里，然后将其发送到那里。为了做到这一点，SIP网络元素咨询一种称为位置服务的抽象服务，该服务为特定域提供地址绑定。这些地址绑定映射传入的SIP或SIPS URI，如，sip:bob@biloxi.com，指向一个或多个以某种方式“更接近”所需用户的URI，如sip:bob@engineering.biloxi.com。最终，代理将咨询位置服务，该位置服务将接收到的URI映射到所需接收方当前所在的用户代理。

   Registration creates bindings in a location service for a particular domain that associates an address-of-record URI with one or more contact addresses.  Thus, when a proxy for that domain receives a request whose Request-URI matches the address-of-record, the proxy will forward the request to the contact addresses registered to that address-of-record.  Generally, it only makes sense to register an address-of-record at a domain's location service when requests for that address-of-record would be routed to that domain.  In most cases, this means that the domain of the registration will need to match the domain in the URI of the address-of-record.

注册在特定域的位置服务中创建绑定，该绑定将记录URI的地址与一个或多个联系人地址相关联。因此，当该域的代理接收到请求URI与记录地址匹配的请求时，该代理将该请求转发到注册到该记录地址的联系人地址。通常，只有当对记录地址的请求被路由到域时，才有意义在域的位置服务处注册记录地址。在大多数情况下，这意味着注册的域需要与记录地址的URI中的域相匹配。

   There are many ways by which the contents of the location service can be established.  One way is administratively.  In the above example, Bob is known to be a member of the engineering department through access to a corporate database.  However, SIP provides a mechanism for a UA to create a binding explicitly.  This mechanism is known as registration.

可以通过多种方式来建立定位服务的内容。一种方式是行政管理。在上面的例子中，Bob通过访问公司数据库而成为工程部门的成员。然而，SIP为UA显式地创建绑定提供了一种机制。这种机制被称为注册。

   Registration entails sending a REGISTER request to a special type of UAS known as a registrar.  A registrar acts as the front end to the location service for a domain, reading and writing mappings based on the contents of REGISTER requests.  This location service is then typically consulted by a proxy server that is responsible for routing requests for that domain.

注册需要向被称为注册器的特殊类型的无人机发送REGISTER请求。注册器充当域的位置服务的前端，根据REGISTER请求的内容读取和写入映射。然后，负责为该域路由请求的代理服务器通常会咨询该位置服务。

   An illustration of the overall registration process is given in Figure 2.  Note that the registrar and proxy server are logical roles that can be played by a single device in a network; for purposes of clarity the two are separated in this illustration.  Also note that UAs may send requests through a proxy server in order to reach a registrar if the two are separate elements.

图2展示了整个注册过程。注意，注册器和代理服务器是可以由网络中的单个设备扮演的逻辑角色；为了清楚起见，在该图示中将两者分开。还要注意的是，如果两者是独立的元素，UA可以通过代理服务器发送请求，以便到达注册器。

   SIP does not mandate a particular mechanism for implementing the location service.  The only requirement is that a registrar for some domain MUST be able to read and write data to the location service, and a proxy or a redirect server for that domain MUST be capable of reading that same data.  A registrar MAY be co-located with a particular SIP proxy server for the same domain.

SIP不强制要求用于实现定位服务的特定机制。唯一的要求是，某个域的注册商必须能够读取数据并将数据写入定位服务，该域的代理或重定向服务器必须能够读取相同的数据。注册器可以与同一域的特定SIP代理服务器位于同一位置。