Qt Creator 14-CMake更新

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原文链接：https://www.qt.io/blog/qt-creator-14-cmake-update

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Qt Creator 14 - CMake Update

Qt Creator 14-CMake更新

July 15, 2024 by Cristian Adam | Comments

2024年7月15日：克里斯蒂安·亚当|评论

Here are the new CMake features and fixes in Qt Creator 14:

以下是Qt Creator 14中CMake的新功能和修复：

Per Project CMake Settings

根据项目CMake设置

Qt Creator 14 allows specifying the CMake settings per project.

Qt Creator 14允许为每个项目指定CMake设置。

This can be done in the GUI as seen below:

这可以在GUI中完成，如下所示：

They can be specified in a CMakePresets.json file via the vendor field:

它们可以通过vendor字段在CMakePrestes.json文件中指定：

{
  "version": 4,
  "configurePresets": [
    {
      "name": "default",
      "displayName": "Default Config",
      "description": "Default build using Ninja generator",
      "generator": "Ninja",
      "binaryDir": "${sourceDir}/build/default"
    }
  ],
  "vendor": {
    "qt.io/QtCreator/1.0": {
       "AskBeforePresetsReload": false,
       "AskReConfigureInitialParams": false,
       "AutorunCMake": false,
       "PackageManagerAutoSetup": false,
       "ShowAdvancedOptionsByDefault": true,
       "ShowSourceSubFolders": false,
       "UseJunctionsForSourceAndBuildDirectories": true
    }
  }
}

If a project doesn’t use CMakePresets.json, then a CMakeLists.txt.shared file can be used instead:

如果项目不使用CMakePrestes.json，则可以使用CMakeLists.txt.shared文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE QtCreatorProject>
<qtcreator>
  <data>
  <variable>ProjectExplorer.Project.PluginSettings</variable>
   <valuemap type="QVariantMap">
    <valuemap type="QVariantMap" key="CMakeSpecificSettings">
      <value type="bool" key="AskBeforePresetsReload">false</value>
      <value type="bool" key="AskReConfigureInitialParams">false</value>
      <value type="bool" key="AutorunCMake">false</value>
      <value type="bool" key="PackageManagerAutoSetup">false</value>
      <value type="bool" key="ShowAdvancedOptionsByDefault">true</value>
      <value type="bool" key="ShowSourceSubFolders">false</value>
      <value type="bool" key="UseGlobalSettings">false</value>
      <value type="bool" key="UseJunctionsForSourceAndBuildDirectories">true</value>
    </valuemap>
  </valuemap>
 </data>
 <data>
  <variable>Version</variable>
  <value type="int">22</value>
 </data>
</qtcreator>

Debugger registration for CMake Presets

CMake预设的调试器注册

The CMake Presets specification doesn’t mention anything about a Debugger entry.

CMake预设规范没有提到任何关于调试器条目的内容。

Qt Creator 14 allows specifying a debugger in a configure preset via the vendor field:

Qt Creator 14允许通过供应商字段在配置预设中指定调试器：

   "vendor": {
     "qt.io/QtCreator/1.0": {
       "debugger": "C:/Qt/Tools/mingw1120_64/bin/gdb.exe"
     }
   }

Or with all the debugger details as:

或者，所有调试器详细信息如下：

  "vendor": {
    "qt.io/QtCreator/1.0": {
      "debugger": {
        "Id": "debugger.gdb.11.2.0.win64",
        "DisplayName": "GNU gdb 11.2.0 for MinGW 11.2.0 64-bit",
        "Abis": ["x86-windows-msys-pe-64bit"],
        "Binary": "C:/Qt/Tools/mingw1120_64/bin/gdb.exe",
        "EngineType": 1,
        "Version": "11.2.0"
      }
    }
  }

If the Id is not specified, then a GUID will be automatically generated.

如果未指定Id，则将自动生成GUID。

The CMakePresets.json used above:

CMakePresets.json使用如下:

{
  "version": 4,
  "configurePresets":
      [
        {
          "name": "llvm-mingw",
          "displayName": "Qt LLVM MinGW 6.7.2 x64",
          "generator": "Ninja",
          "binaryDir": "${sourceDir}/build",
          "cacheVariables": {
            "CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE": "Debug",
            "CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH": "C:/Qt/6.7.2/llvm-mingw_64",
            "CMAKE_C_COMPILER": "C:/Qt/Tools/llvm-mingw1706_64/bin/clang.exe",
            "CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER": "C:/Qt/Tools/llvm-mingw1706_64/bin/clang++.exe"
          },
          "vendor":
              {
                "qt.io/QtCreator/1.0": {
                  "debugger": {
                    "DisplayName": "LLDB 17.0.6 Debugger",
                    "Abis": [
                      "x86-windows-msys-pe-64bit"
                    ],
                    "Binary": "C:/Qt/Tools/llvm-mingw1706_64/bin/lldb.exe",
                    "EngineType": 256,
                    "Version": "17.0.6"
                  }
                }
              }
        }
      ]
}

In order to find the right values for the debugger, you can have a look at %appdata%\QtProject\qtcreator\debuggers.xml file. This is where Qt Creator stores the debuggers settings information.

为了找到调试器的正确值，您可以查看%appdata%\QtProject\qtcreator\debuggers.xml文件。这是Qt Creator存储调试器设置信息的地方。

The EngineType can have the following values:

EngineType可以具有以下值：

1 for GDB
4 for CDB
8 for PDB
256 for LLDB
512 for GDB DAP
1024 for LLDB DAP
4096 for µVision Debugger

Cross-compiler emulator

交叉编译器仿真器

This feature was contributed by Ralf Habacker and was tracked by QTCREATORBUG-29880.

此功能由Ralf Habacker贡献，并由QTCREATORBUG-29880跟踪。

Below, I show how you can cross-compile for Windows x64 from a Linux host using the LLVM-MinGW 17.0.6 toolchain, which I extracted locally under $HOME/llvm-mingw.

下面，我将展示如何使用LLVM MinGW 17.0.6工具链从Linux主机对Windows x64进行交叉编译，我在$HOME/LLVM-MinGW下本地提取了该工具链。

The CMakePresets.json looks like this:

CMakePresets.json看起来像这样：

{
  "version": 4,
  "configurePresets":
      [
        {
          "name": "llvm-mingw",
          "displayName": "LLVM MinGW 17.0.6 x64",
          "generator": "Ninja",
          "binaryDir": "${sourceDir}/build",
          "toolchainFile": "llvm-mingw.cmake",
          "cacheVariables": {
            "CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE": "Debug",
            "CMAKE_CROSSCOMPILING_EMULATOR": "/usr/bin/wine64"
          }
        }
      ]
}

The llvm-mingw.cmake toolchain file is simplified version taken from wrappers: add CMake toolchain files from upstream LLVM-MinGW.

llvm-mingw.make工具链文件是从包装器中提取的简化版本：从上游LLVM-MinGW添加cmake工具链文件。

The CMakeLists.txt comes with a workaround for having the LLVM-MinGW C++ Runtime accessible to the C++ executable:

CMakeLists.txt附带了一个解决方法，可以让C++可执行文件访问LLVM MinGW C++运行时：

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)

project(Hello LANGUAGES CXX)

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)

add_executable(Hello main.cpp)

add_custom_command(
    TARGET Hello POST_BUILD
    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy "${CMAKE_SYSROOT}/bin/libc++.dll" ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}
    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy "${CMAKE_SYSROOT}/bin/libunwind.dll" ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}
)

And lastly, a C++ example which has some Windows specific bits:

最后，一个C++示例，其中包含一些Windows特定的位：

#include <iostream>
#include <windows.h>

#if !defined(_M_X64)
#error "not a x86_64 compiler"
#endif

int main() {
  OSVERSIONINFO info{.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(OSVERSIONINFO)};
  ::GetVersionEx(&info);
  std::cout << "Hello Windows "
            << info.dwMajorVersion << "."
            << info.dwMinorVersion << "."
            << info.dwBuildNumber << " "
            << info.szCSDVersion << "\n";
}

Note that I haven’t registered a debugger since the LLDB debugger from LLVM-MinGW would require some patching as seen in the following blog post Debugging Wine with LLDB and VSCode.

请注意，我还没有注册调试器，因为LLVM MinGW的LLDB调试器需要一些补丁，如下面的博客文章“使用LLDB和VSCode调试Wine”所示。

File operations on globbed CMake projects

全局CMake项目上的文件操作

Qt Creator 14 will no longer modify the CMakeLists.txt project file for CMake projects that use file(GLOB|_RECOURSE) to quickly create an executable or library by using *.cpp *.h globbing patterns.

Qt Creator 14将不再为使用文件（GLOB|_RECOURSE）通过使用*.cpp*.h globbing模式快速创建可执行文件或库的CMake项目修改CMakeLists.txt项目文件。

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.18)

project(HelloWidgetsGlob)

set(CMAKE_AUTOUIC ON)
set(CMAKE_AUTOMOC ON)
set(CMAKE_AUTORCC ON)

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)

find_package(Qt6 REQUIRED COMPONENTS Widgets)

file(GLOB_RECURSE sources
     RELATIVE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}
     CONFIGURE_DEPENDS "*.c" "*.h" "*.cpp" "*.hpp" "*.cxx" "*.hxx")

file(RELATIVE_PATH buildDir ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR} ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR})
list(FILTER sources EXCLUDE REGEX "${buildDir}/*")

add_executable(HelloWidgetsGlob ${sources})
target_link_libraries(HelloWidgetsGlob PRIVATE Qt6::Widgets)