Lesson 3 An unknown goddess

【 New words and expressions 】 生词和短语

◆ goddess              n. 女神

◆ archaeologist     n. 考古学家

◆ Aegean               adj. 爱琴海的

◆ explore                v. 考察，勘探

◆ promontory        n. 海角

◆ prosperous        adj. （经济上）繁荣的，昌盛的

◆ civilization           n. 文明

◆ storey                   n. 楼层

◆ drainage             n. 排水

◆ worship               n. 崇拜

◆ sacred                 adj. 宗教的，神圣的

◆ fragment             n. 碎片

◆ remains               n. 遗物， 遗迹，废墟

◆ classical              adj. （希腊罗马）古文化的

◆ reconstruct          v. 修复

◆ rest                       v. 倚放，放置

◆ hip                        n. 屁股，臀部

◆ full-length           adj. （裙衣）拖地长的

◆ graceful               adj. 优雅的

◆ identity                 n. 身份

 

★ goddess n. 女神

 

★ archaeologist n. 考古学家

 

★ Aegean adj. 爱琴海的

 

★ explore v. 考察，勘探

The archaeologists are exploring the cave.

exploration n.

explorer n. 探险家

 

★ promontory  n. 海角

 

★ prosperous  adj. （经济上）繁荣的，昌盛的

Our finance is prosperous.

thriving 昌盛的，兴旺的

booming 蓬勃的，景气的

flourishing 繁茂的，健康的

 

★ civilization n. 文明

high level of civilization 高度文明

civilize v.

 

★ storey n. 楼层

 

★ drainage n. 排水

 

★ worship n. 崇拜

respect; admire

Who do you worship in th world?

warship n. 军舰战船

 

★ sacred adj. 宗教的，神圣的

holy adj. 神圣的，圣洁的

solemn adj. 庄严的，庄重的

sacred music 圣乐

sacred promise 神圣的诺言

 

★ fragment n. 碎片

 

★ remains n. 遗物， 遗迹，废墟

 

★ classical adj. （希腊罗马）古文化的

classical music 古典音乐

classical education 人文科学教育

classic adj. 第一流的

This is a classic example of love at the first sight.

classic n. 杰作，经典之作

 

★ reconstruct v. 修复

re- 重新，再次

construct 构造，建造，组织

build house 造建筑物

put up a tent

construct a sentence

construct a broken statuary

erect: build high buildings

erect monument 建造纪念碑

erect clock tower 建造钟楼

setup; establish; found 建立

Eg: setup students’ union

establish a school / rule

found a country

construction n.

constructive adj. 有教育意义的

constructor n. 建设者

 

★ rest v. 倚放，放置

 

★ hip n. 屁股，臀部

[ 口 ] 在服用兴奋剂，宗教信仰方面赶时髦的人；消息灵通人士； adj. 通晓的，见闻广的

Eg: Hary is a real hip. 玛丽真是赶时髦

The guy isn’t a hip. 这家伙什么都不懂

joined at the hip 表示交情极厚的

Eg: These two are joined at the hip.

shoot from the hip 信口开河

Eg: Sorry, I said that I shouldn’t have shot from the hip.

 

★ full-length adj. （裙衣）拖地长的

a full-length dress

 

★ graceful adj. 优雅的

a graceful lady

elegant (behavier)

 

★ identity n. 身份

 

【 Text 】

§ Lesson 3 An unknown goddess 无名女神

Listen to the tape then answer the question below.

How did the archaeologists know that the statue was a goddess?

 

Some time ago ，an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea ．An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini ．The city at one time must have been prosperous ，for it enjoyed a high level of civilization ．Houses--often three

storeys high----were built of stone ．They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls ．The city was even equipped with a drainage system ，for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow   streets ．

  The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times. In the most sacred room of the temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found. Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted. The body of one statue

was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C. Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C.This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved. It was very old and precious even then. When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman. She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hip. She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground. Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far,the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.

 

【课文讲解】

an interesting discovery ：强调discovery ， 体现发现这个动作被考古学家做出

主动语态难以突出重点 archaeologists made an interesting discovery

 

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L03-02 begin 12’42”

英文表达：结果、影响、效果为主语，强调对客观事实的陈述

 

An American team explored a temple which…

which 引导定语从句，修饰限定temple

 

which stands in an ancient city on…

which = that; stand = lie, situate (vt.) locate (vt.)

 

An American team explored a temple which is located / situated in…

An American team explored a temple which lie in…

 

stand 表示高高坐落于，矗立于

Eg: She stands 1.75m. / A great tree stands on the mount.

 

The city at one time must have been prosperous ，for it…

for 引导原因状语从句，对主句的附加说明

because 引导原因状语从句，重点突出原因

Eg: The day broke for the birds were singing.

 

at one time: 表达曾经，一度；过去时态的标志， once

 

must have been 对过去事实肯定的推测

 

enjoyed a high level of civilization. 享有高度文明

 

with…

Eg: a young man with broad shoulders / an old lady with black hair

 

beautifully decorated 过去分词做定语

a beautifully dressed lady 衣着漂亮的女士 / a deserted carpark 废弃的停车场

a white painted door 被粉刷成白色的门

 

现在分词做定语，被修饰词与修饰词之间为；逻辑主动关系

a boy climbing the tree / the students reading in the room

 

The city was even equipped with… for… were found…

be equipped with 配备，装备

Eg: the car was equipped with air conditioning.

 

for 引导原因状语从句

 

beneath the narrow streets / under the narrow streets

prep. beneath = under 正下方

He is standing under / beneath the umbrella.

 

under: 在进行中，under control 控制之中；under discussion 讨论之中；under repairs 修理之中

below: 在下方，强调斜下方

Eg: She is sitting below the window.

 

The temple which…

be used as / be used to be 把… 用作为

Eg:The box was used as a desk in the small village school.

The wooden box was used as a bookcase.

The wooden box is used to contain books.

 

In the most sacred room of…

Each of these represented … been painted.

 

represent vt. 代表

I represent all the classmates.

 

The body of one statue was found…

dating 现在分词，修饰remains

the customs dating from 1990

 

date from 追溯到，从… 开始

The tradition dates from the time when his grandfather was young.

 

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L03-03  begin 12’56”

 

The castle dates from the 14^th century.

The castle dates back to the century.

 

Its missing head happened to be among remains of…

happen to 强调事情的偶然发生

Eg: I happen to have driven that kind of car. 我恰巧开过那种汽车。

He happened to find the ticket in his pocket. 他恰巧在口袋里找到那张票。

 

句式：It happens that ……

Eg: It happnes that I met her on my way to work

    I happened to meet her on my way to work

 

happen on 巧遇，偶然发现, 偶遇

Eg:  I happend on this old picture in the back of the drawer.

     Guess, who I happend on while I was in London last month?

 

reconstruct: put together, piece together, restore

 

 

四个形容词 : amazed:very much surprised

surprised; astonished; amazed; astounded 感到惊讶的，语气递增

astonished: much surprised

amazed: very much surprised 惊奇

astounded 非常惊讶，尺愕，惊奇

 

to find… / to discover… / to realize…

I’m not surprised to see you here.

 

turn out 表明结果

turn out ( to be) + n./adj.

Eg: Our party turned out (to be) a success

    the concert turned out to be failure.

It turned out that …………  原来是(表示结果)

that 从句，或其他名词从句，it 作形式主语

Eg: It turned out that the diamond had been in the bank all the time.

    It turned out that his statement was false.

 

as it turns out 人们后来发现

Eg: As it turns out, there was not need to worry.

As it turns out, the report was mistaken. 人们后来发现, 这篇报告被弄错了。

 

She stood three feet high and her hands rested on th hips.

rest on = depend on, lean on

His hand rested lightly on my shoulder.

 

which swept the ground 进一步说明拖地的，曳地的

 

despite / in spite of +n. / 动名词

 

It is still a problem for the archaeologists up to now.

 

so far,up to now 都是完成时的标志

 

discover her identity: find out he identity

 

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L03-04 begin  12’58”

【 Special difficulties 】

happen (to) , it happened that…

 

【 Multiple choice questions 】

Comprehension

1  The interesting discovery made by the archaeologists was         .

a. that the city had once been prosperous

b. that the temple had been used as a place of worship

c. they found the fifteen statues had been painted

d. that they were not the first to have found the head of the goddess

 

It’s missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C.’

1.  D

 

2  The city ‘enjoyed a high level of civilization’ . This is confirmed by the fact that          .

a. some of the houses were built only one storey high

b. a great number of fragments were found in the temple

c. the city had been built on clay

d. advanced techniques had been employed in building and decorating

 

This is confirmed by the fact that 引导同位语从句，补充说明fact 的内容。

be employed in: 被应用在… 方面

 

‘…The city at one time must have been prosperous ，for it enjoyed a high level of civilization ．Houses--often three storeys high-were built of stone ．They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls ．The city was even equipped with a drainage system…’

 

3  In seeking to establish the identity of the reconstructed statue, the archaeologists              .

a. tried to determine which goddess it represented

b. pieced together the fragments they found

c. discovered that it was more modern than any of the other statues

d. wondered whether it belonged to the fifth or the fifteenth century

 

in doing sth: 在… 方面

 

structure

4  The city had once known            .(ll.4-5)

a, a prosperity    b, the prosperous    c. the prosperity    d. prosperity

 

重点词汇know: 知道，认识；经历过，曾经有过（= experience ）,  这是一个文学用语，比experience 更加正式

 

5  The temple           used as a place of worship since Roman times. (ll.9-10)

a. was    b. has not been    c. had been    d. was not

 

since: 自从  主句的主干时态为现在完成时

 

6  They found           that the goddess turned out to be …(ll.14-15)

a. surprisingly    b. with surprise    c. to their surprise    d. a surprise

 

to their surprise: 使某人感到惊讶的是 （在句中可做独立的状语，句子的主语不必是某个人）

with surprise: 惊讶地 （首先，必须与行为动词连用，其次，句子的主语必须是某个人）

Eg: To my great disappointment the train had already left.

With satisfaction / delight / dismay

He smoked his cigarette with satisfaction.

He went home with dismay.

To our dismay the party proved to be a failure.

 

7           being very old, she was very graceful. (ll.16-17)

a. Although    b. In spite of    c. Even    d. Even though

 

despite = in spite of ( 可以和名词、代词、动名词搭配)

 

8  So far, the archaeologists           to discover her identity. (l.17)

a. have been impossible    b. have not been able    c. cannot have been    d. could not

 

so far  现在完成时的标志

如果用posible / imposible, 要采用形式主语it

…it has been impossible for the archaeologists to discover her identity.

 

Vocabulary

9  In the most           room of the temple…(l.10)

a. holy    b. religious    c. frightening    d. colourful

 

原文中用到了sacred ( 宗教的，神圣的)

religious 宗教的

frightening 令人害怕的

colourful 丰富多彩的

 

10  The head was carefully preserved. It was          .(l.13)

a. well done    b. conserved   c. maintained    c. in good condition

 

state

well done 侧重强调做得好

conserve = keep from being wasted ,damaged, lost, destroyed

“ 不用尽或耗尽某物，保留“

conserve your energy you needed

we nust conserve out forest

maintain: 通过修缮保养，不使… 破损（强调动作的过程）“维修，保养”

 

11  The goddess         to be a very modern-looking woman. (l.15)

a. appeared    b. proved    c. resolved    d. changed

 

turn out = prove

 

12  But,         the archaeologists have been unable…(l.17)

a. beforehand    b. until now    c. for a long time    d. at this distance

 

so far =>until now, up till now

beforehand: (adv.) 事先 = in advance

at this distance (of / in time) 时隔已久

Eg: I can hardly remember him at this distance of time.

 

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L 04-01   begin 12’30”