Python中字典的知识点及其常用操作+字典升职加薪案例

"""
数据容器：dict字典
1.字典的定义【字】：【含义】 key:Value
2.字典的常用操作
# 定义字典字面量
{key:value, key:value,....,key:value}
# 定义字典变量
my_dict = {key:value, key:value,....,key:value}
# 定义空字典
my_dict = {} # 空字典定义方式
my_dict = dict() # 空字典定义方式2 和集合my_set = set()相似
"""
# 字典的基础定义
my_dict = {"王力宏": 99, "谢绮雯": 100, "林俊杰": 88}
# 定义空的字典
my_dict2 = {}  # set()
my_dict3 = dict()
print(my_dict)
print(my_dict2)
print(my_dict3)
# my_dict = {"王力宏": 99, "王力宏": 100, "林俊杰": 88}  # key不能重复，但value可以
# print(my_dict)  # 不能使用下标索引
my_dict = {"王力宏": 99, "谢绮雯": 100, "林俊杰": 88}
score = my_dict["王力宏"]
print(f"王力宏的考试分数是：{score}")
score = my_dict["谢绮雯"]
print(f"谢绮雯的考试分数是：{score}")
# 字典的嵌套  key不可以为字典
stu_score_dict = {
    "王力宏": {"语文": 77, "数学": 66, "英语": 33},
    "周杰伦": {"语文": 88, "数学": 86, "英语": 55},
    "林俊杰": {"语文": 99, "数学": 96, "英语": 66}
                    }
print(stu_score_dict)
score = stu_score_dict["周杰伦"]["语文"]
print(f"周杰伦的语文分数是：{score}")
score = stu_score_dict["林俊杰"]["英语"]
print(f"林俊杰的英语分数是：{score}")
# 字典的常用操作
"""
1.修改
如何在字典中修改，如果key不存在则是证明新增元素
语法：字典[key] = value
如果key重复，则证明更新value值
2.删除
变量 = 字典.pop()
"""
my_dict = {"王力宏": 99, "周杰伦": 100, "林俊杰": 88}
my_dict["张信哲"] = 77
print(f"字典通过新增元素后的结果是：{my_dict}")
my_dict["周杰伦"] = 77
print(f"字典通过新增元素后的结果是：{my_dict}")
# 删除元素
socre = my_dict.pop("周杰伦")
print(f"字典被移除了一个元素，结果是：{my_dict}，周杰伦的考试分数是：{score}")
# 清空字典，clear
my_dict.clear()
print(f"字典被清空了，内容是：{my_dict}")
# 获取全部汉字的方法
stu_score = {
    "王力宏": 77,
    "周杰伦": 88,
    "林俊杰": 99
}
keys = stu_score.keys()
print(keys)
# 遍历字典
# 通过获取到全部的key来完成遍历
for key in keys:
    print(f"字典的key是：{key}")
    print(f"字典的value是：{stu_score[key]}")
# 方法2：直接对字典进行for循环，每一次循环都是直接得到key
for key in stu_score:
    print(f"字典的key是：{key}")
    print(f"字典的value是：{stu_score[key]}")
# 统计字典内的元素数量
num = len(stu_score)
print(f"字典中的元素数量有：{num}个")

 

info_dict = {

    "王力宏": {
        "部门": "科技部",
        "工资": 3000,
        "级别": 1
    },
    "周杰伦": {
        "部门": "市场部",
        "工资": 5000,
        "级别": 2
    },
    "林俊杰": {
        "部门": "市场部",
        "工资": 7000,
        "级别": 3
    },
    "张学友": {
        "部门": "科技部",
        "工资": 4000,
        "级别": 1
    },
    "刘德华": {
        "部门": "市场部",
        "工资": 6000,
        "级别": 2
    }
}
print(f"升值加薪之前的结果：{info_dict}")
for name in info_dict:
    # if条件判断符合条件员工
    if info_dict[name]["级别"] == 1:
        info_dict[name]["级别"] = 2
        info_dict[name]["工资"] += 1000
print(f"升级加薪之后的结果：{info_dict}")