【C++】多态之组合与聚合

组合与聚合对比:

组合: 同生共死 ( 生命周期一致 )

聚合: 有聚有散 ( 生命周期随分配 )

一.Computer与Cpu组合

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Computer.h

#pragma once
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

#include "Cpu.h"//include组合拥有的类的头文件
class VoiceBox;//声明提及的类

class Computer{
public:
	Computer();
	Computer(int hardDisk, int memory, const char* cpuBrand, const char* cpuVersion);
	~Computer();

	void addVoiceBox(VoiceBox* box);
private:
	Cpu cpu;//组合拥有的类的对象
	//Cpu* cpu;不推荐用指针,因为数量确定,不必动态分配(动态分配还需要为防内存泄漏,另写拷贝赋值构造,麻烦)
	//Cpu* cpu2;若数量不定,应使用指针动态分配

	VoiceBox* box;//聚合的对象指针,可以不初始化,因为不一定聚合,若聚合一定要给地址

	int hardDisk;
	int memory;
};

Computer.cpp

#include "Computer.h"

Computer::Computer():cpu() {//若函数参数都为默认参数,那么可以不写任何参数
//Computer::Computer(){不推荐用指针对象
	this->hardDisk = 0;
	this->memory = 0;	
	cout << __FUNCTION__ << endl;

	//this->cpu = new Cpu();不推荐用指针对象
	//this->cpu2 = new Cpu();
}
Computer::Computer(int hardDisk, int memory, const char* cpuBrand, const char* cpuVersion):cpu(cpuBrand, cpuVersion){
//Computer::Computer(int hardDisk, int memory, const char* cpuBrand, const char* cpuVersion){不推荐用指针对象
	this->hardDisk = hardDisk;
	this->memory = memory;
	cout << __FUNCTION__ << endl;

	//this->cpu = new Cpu(cpuBrand,cpuVersion);不推荐用指针对象
	//this->cpu2 = new Cpu(cpuBrand,cpuVersion);不推荐用指针对象
}
Computer::~Computer() {
	//要delete也只能delete自己拥有的
	//delete cpu;不推荐用指针对象
	//delete cpu2;不推荐用指针对象
	cout << __FUNCTION__ << endl;
}
void Computer::addVoiceBox(VoiceBox *box) {
	this->box = box;
}

Cpu.h

#pragma once
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Cpu{
public:
	//Cpu(char *brand="dell", int version= 2);×-记得用const类型-因默认参数为const类型
	Cpu(const char* brand = "dell", const char* version = "xps");
	~Cpu();
private:
	string brand;
	string version;
};

Cpu.cpp

#include "Cpu.h"

Cpu::Cpu(const char* brand, const char* version) {//默认值在实现部分不写
	this->brand = brand;//brand若为char*型则此等式无法成立
	this->version = version;
	cout << __FUNCTION__ << endl;
}
Cpu::~Cpu() {
	cout << __FUNCTION__ << endl;
}

二.Computer与VoiceBox聚合

VoiceBox.h

#pragma once
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class VoiceBox
{
public:
	VoiceBox();
	~VoiceBox();
};

VoiceBox.cpp

#include "VoiceBox.h"

VoiceBox::VoiceBox() {
	cout << __FUNCTION__ << endl;
}
VoiceBox::~VoiceBox() {
	cout << __FUNCTION__ << endl;
}

三.测试文件与打印效果

#include "Computer.h"
#include "VoiceBox.h"//因不是拥有关系,所以在main中还要加上聚合的类的头文件

void testCombination() {
	Computer a;//注意不要自己乱搞在后面加括号,加括号代表调用带参函数的默认值
	//Computer a();×
}

void testAggregate(VoiceBox* box) {
	Computer a;
	a.addVoiceBox(box);
}//在块末尾Computer与Cpu共死

int main(){
	cout << "------1.组合------" << endl;
	testCombination();

	cout << "------2.聚合------" << endl;
	VoiceBox box;
	testAggregate(&box);

	system("pause");//也可cout<<"end"<<endl;
	//int main函数可以不写返回值;也可写void main
}//在块末尾VoiceBox才析构
 "------2.聚合------" << endl;
	VoiceBox box;
	testAggregate(&box);

	system("pause");//也可cout<<"end"<<endl;
	//int main函数可以不写返回值;也可写void main
}//在块末尾VoiceBox才析构