浅谈简单工厂模式与工厂方法模式

以商店烤面包的例子谈一下简单工厂模式与工厂方法模式：

使用继承和多态将面包分离，修改或增加某种面包不会影响其他面包烘烤，。

package factory_Method;

//将各种不同的面包分离，修改或增加某种面包不会影响其他面包的烘焙
public abstract class BreadMaker {

	public abstract void  GetBread();
}

<pre name="code" class="java">package factory_Method;

public class HoneyBread extends BreadMaker{

	@Override
	public void GetBread() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("烤出了蜜蜂面包");
		
	}

}

public class BlackBread extends BreadMaker
{

	@Override
	public void GetBread() {
		System.out.println("烤出了黑面包");
	}
	
}

public class WhiteBread extends BreadMaker{

	@Override
	public void GetBread() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.print("烤出了白面包");
	}

}

一、简单工厂模式实现：

package factory_Method;

public class SimpleBreadFactory {

	public static BreadMaker MakeBread(int breadType){
		BreadMaker breadMaker = null;
		
		switch (breadType) {
		case 1:
			breadMaker = new BlackBread();
			break;
		case 2:
			breadMaker = new HoneyBread();
			break;
		case 3:
			breadMaker = new WhiteBread();
		default:
			break;
		}
		return breadMaker;
		
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		BreadMaker breadMaker;
		System.out.println("顾客要黑面包：");
		breadMaker=SimpleBreadFactory.MakeBread(1);
		breadMaker.GetBread();
		System.out.println("顾客要蜜蜂面包:");
		breadMaker=SimpleBreadFactory.MakeBread(2);
		breadMaker.GetBread();
		System.out.println("顾客要白面包:");
		breadMaker=SimpleBreadFactory.MakeBread(3);
		breadMaker.GetBread();
	}
}

只要输入想要的面包代码，面包工厂就会实例化合适的对象，通过多态来返回父类实例的方式实现给出不同面包的目的。当需要增加新面包种类时，只需增加后台面包类和修改简单面包工厂类Case，给维护带了方便。

二、工厂方法模式

修改简单面包工厂类破坏了设计原则——开放-封闭原则，特别是种类特别多时。为了扩展方便又修改关闭。引出简单工厂的升级版——工厂方法模式。

下面说下定义

工厂方法模式的定义：“顶一个一个用户创建对象的接口，让子类决定实例化哪个类。工厂方法使一个类的实例化延迟到其子类”。

改进如下：

1.给出工厂接口的定义：

package factory_Method;

//接口工厂
public interface IBreadFactoryMethod {
	BreadMaker CreateBread();
}

2.不同的面包建立一个具体工厂方法来实现这个接口

package factory_Method;
public class BlackBreadFactory implements IBreadFactoryMethod {

	@Override
	public BreadMaker CreateBread() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return new BlackBread();
	}

}

public class HoneyBreadFactory implements IBreadFactoryMethod {

	@Override
	public BreadMaker CreateBread() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return new HoneyBread();
	}

}

public class WhiteBreadFactory implements IBreadFactoryMethod {

	@Override
	public BreadMaker CreateBread() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return new WhiteBread();
	}



}

客户端代码实现：

package factory_Method;

public class BreadFactoryMethod{

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		BreadMaker breadMaker;
		//顾客要黑面包
		System.out.println("顾客要黑面包：");
		//根据需要实例化接口
		IBreadFactoryMethod breadFactoryMethod = new BlackBreadFactory();
		breadMaker = breadFactoryMethod.CreateBread();
		breadMaker.GetBread();
		
		//顾客要蜜蜂面包
		System.out.println("顾客要蜜蜂面包：");
		breadFactoryMethod = new HoneyBreadFactory();
		breadMaker = breadFactoryMethod.CreateBread();
		breadMaker.GetBread();
		
		//顾客要白面包
		System.out.println("顾客要白面包：");
		breadFactoryMethod = new WhiteBreadFactory();
		breadMaker = breadFactoryMethod.CreateBread();
		breadMaker.GetBread();
		
	}
	
}

这样一来，新代码中如果增加新的面包种类，只需增加新的面包类和新的工厂接口的实现就OK了，而将具体实例化哪个类在客户端判断就行。