设计模式

Creational Patterns

• Factory - This pattern is used to create concrete class instances without specifying the exact class type.  
• Abstract Factory - This pattern is used to create concrete class instances without specifying the exact class type. The Abstract Factory Pattern provides a way to encapsulate a group of individual factories that have a common theme.
• Flyweight - A pattern used to maximize the sharing of objects resulting in reduced memory consumption.
• Singleton - This pattern insures that only a single instance of a given object can exist.
• Builder - This pattern separate the construction of a complex object from its representation so that the same construction process can create different representations..

Structural Patterns

• Adapter - Convert the interface of a class into another interface clients expect. Adapter lets the classes work together that couldn't otherwise because of incompatible interfaces
• Bridge - Decouples an abstraction from its implementation so that the two can vary independantly.
• Composite - Compose objects into tree structures to represent part-whole hierarchies. Composite lets clients treat individual objects and compositions of objects uniformly.
• Decorator - Allows an objects behavior to be altered at runtime.
• Facade - Used to provide a simpler interface into a more complicated portion of code. 
• Proxy - Provides a Placeholder for another object to control access to it.

Behavioral Patterns

• Chain of Responsibility - The chain of responsibility pattern is a way of communicating between objects.
• Command - Encapsulates a request as an object, thereby letting you parameterize clients with different requests, queue or log requests, and support undoable operations.   
• Iterator - Provides a way to sequentially access aggregate objects without exposing the structure of the aggregate.
• Mediator - The mediator pattern encapsulate the interaction between a set of objects.
• Memento - Allows you to save the state of an object externally from that object.
• Observer - Allows a single object to notify many dependent objects that its state has changed.
• State - Allows an object to change its behaviour when its internal state changes.
• Strategy - Allows multiple algorithms to be used interchangeably at runtime.
• Visitor - The visitor design pattern enables us to create new operations to be performed on an existing structure.
• Template Method -  Defines the skeleton of an algorithm then lets subclasses implement the behaviour that can vary.