目录
一、Nginx多进程实现的流程图
二、Nginx多进程具体实现
1. ngx_master_process_cycle 进入多进程模式
2. ngx_start_worker_processes 创建工作进程
3. ngx_spawn_process fork工作进程
4. ngx_worker_process_cycle 子进程的回调函数
5. ngx_worker_process_init 工作进程初始化
默认情况下,Nginx都是多进程的运行模式。Nginx和Memcached不一样,是多进程的模式。采用多进程模式最大的好处:
每个进程的资源独立
不需要添加各种繁琐的锁了
一、Nginx多进程实现的流程图
二、Nginx多进程具体实现
1. ngx_master_process_cycle 进入多进程模式
ngx_master_process_cycle方法主要做了两个工作:
- 主进程进行信号的监听和处理
- 开启子进程
void ngx_master_process_cycle(ngx_cycle_t *cycle)
{
char *title;
u_char *p;
size_t size;
ngx_int_t i;
ngx_uint_t n, sigio;
sigset_t set;
struct itimerval itv;
ngx_uint_t live;
ngx_msec_t delay;
ngx_listening_t *ls;
ngx_core_conf_t *ccf;
sigemptyset(&set);
sigaddset(&set, SIGCHLD);
sigaddset(&set, SIGALRM);
sigaddset(&set, SIGIO);
sigaddset(&set, SIGINT);
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_RECONFIGURE_SIGNAL));
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_REOPEN_SIGNAL));
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_NOACCEPT_SIGNAL));
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_TERMINATE_SIGNAL));
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL));
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_CHANGEBIN_SIGNAL));
if (sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &set, NULL) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,"sigprocmask() failed");
}
sigemptyset(&set);
size = sizeof(master_process);
for (i = 0; i < ngx_argc; i++) {
size += ngx_strlen(ngx_argv[i]) + 1;
}
title = ngx_pnalloc(cycle->pool, size);
if (title == NULL) {
/* fatal */
exit(2);
}
p = ngx_cpymem(title, master_process, sizeof(master_process) - 1);
for (i = 0; i < ngx_argc; i++) {
*p++ = ' ';
p = ngx_cpystrn(p, (u_char *) ngx_argv[i], size);
}
ngx_setproctitle(title);
// 从配置文件中获取
ccf = (ngx_core_conf_t *) ngx_get_conf(cycle->conf_ctx, ngx_core_module);
// 进程的创建就是在这个地方
ngx_start_worker_processes(cycle, ccf->worker_processes,NGX_PROCESS_RESPAWN);
ngx_start_cache_manager_processes(cycle, 0);
ngx_new_binary = 0;
delay = 0;
sigio = 0;
live = 1;
for ( ;; ) {
if (delay) {
if (ngx_sigalrm) {
sigio = 0;
delay *= 2;
ngx_sigalrm = 0;
}
ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0,"termination cycle: %M", delay);
itv.it_interval.tv_sec = 0;
itv.it_interval.tv_usec = 0;
itv.it_value.tv_sec = delay / 1000;
itv.it_value.tv_usec = (delay % 1000 ) * 1000;
if (setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &itv, NULL) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,"setitimer() failed");
}
}
ngx_log_debug0(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0, "sigsuspend");
sigsuspend(&set);
ngx_time_update();
ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0,"wake up, sigio %i", sigio);
if (ngx_reap) {
ngx_reap = 0;
ngx_log_debug0(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0, "reap children");
live = ngx_reap_children(cycle);
}
if (!live && (ngx_terminate || ngx_quit)) {
ngx_master_process_exit(cycle);
}
if (ngx_terminate) {
if (delay == 0) {
delay = 50;
}
if (sigio) {
sigio--;
continue;
}
sigio = ccf->worker_processes + 2 /* cache processes */;
if (delay > 1000) {
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle, SIGKILL);
} else {
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,ngx_signal_value(NGX_TERMINATE_SIGNAL));
}
continue;
}
if (ngx_quit) {
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL));
ls = cycle->listening.elts;
for (n = 0; n < cycle->listening.nelts; n++) {
if (ngx_close_socket(ls[n].fd) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, cycle->log, ngx_socket_errno,ngx_close_socket_n " %V failed",&ls[n].addr_text);
}
}
cycle->listening.nelts = 0;
continue;
}
if (ngx_reconfigure) {
ngx_reconfigure = 0;
if (ngx_new_binary) {
ngx_start_worker_processes(cycle, ccf->worker_processes,NGX_PROCESS_RESPAWN);
ngx_start_cache_manager_processes(cycle, 0);
ngx_noaccepting = 0;
continue;
}
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "reconfiguring");
cycle = ngx_init_cycle(cycle);
if (cycle == NULL) {
cycle = (ngx_cycle_t *) ngx_cycle;
continue;
}
ngx_cycle = cycle;
ccf = (ngx_core_conf_t *) ngx_get_conf(cycle->conf_ctx,
ngx_core_module);
ngx_start_worker_processes(cycle, ccf->worker_processes,NGX_PROCESS_JUST_RESPAWN);
ngx_start_cache_manager_processes(cycle, 1);
/* allow new processes to start */
ngx_msleep(100);
live = 1;
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL));
}
if (ngx_restart) {
ngx_restart = 0;
ngx_start_worker_processes(cycle, ccf->worker_processes,NGX_PROCESS_RESPAWN);
ngx_start_cache_manager_processes(cycle, 0);
live = 1;
}
if (ngx_reopen) {
ngx_reopen = 0;
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "reopening logs");
ngx_reopen_files(cycle, ccf->user);
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,ngx_signal_value(NGX_REOPEN_SIGNAL));
}
if (ngx_change_binary) {
ngx_change_binary = 0;
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "changing binary");
ngx_new_binary = ngx_exec_new_binary(cycle, ngx_argv);
}
if (ngx_noaccept) {
ngx_noaccept = 0;
ngx_noaccepting = 1;
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL));
}
}
}
2. ngx_start_worker_processes 创建工作进程
- 通过循环创建N个子进程。每个子进程都有独立的内存空间。
- 子进程的个数由Nginx的配置:ccf->worker_processes决定
//启动进程的地方
static void ngx_start_worker_processes(ngx_cycle_t *cycle, ngx_int_t n, ngx_int_t type)
{
ngx_int_t i;
ngx_channel_t ch;
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "start worker processes");
ngx_memzero(&ch, sizeof(ngx_channel_t));
ch.command = NGX_CMD_OPEN_CHANNEL;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
// 每个子进程执行的地方
ngx_spawn_process(cycle, ngx_worker_process_cycle,(void *) (intptr_t) i, "worker process", type);
ch.pid = ngx_processes[ngx_process_slot].pid;
ch.slot = ngx_process_slot;
ch.fd = ngx_processes[ngx_process_slot].channel[0];
ngx_pass_open_channel(cycle, &ch);
}
}
3. ngx_spawn_process fork工作进程
ngx_spawn_process方法主要用于fork出各个工作进程。具体主要看fork过程的代码。
ngx_pid_t
ngx_spawn_process(ngx_cycle_t *cycle, ngx_spawn_proc_pt proc, void *data,
char *name, ngx_int_t respawn)
{
u_long on;
ngx_pid_t pid;
ngx_int_t s;
if (respawn >= 0) {
s = respawn;
} else {
for (s = 0; s < ngx_last_process; s++) {
if (ngx_processes[s].pid == -1) {
break;
}
}
if (s == NGX_MAX_PROCESSES) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, 0,
"no more than %d processes can be spawned",
NGX_MAX_PROCESSES);
return NGX_INVALID_PID;
}
}
if (respawn != NGX_PROCESS_DETACHED) {
/* Solaris 9 still has no AF_LOCAL */
if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, ngx_processes[s].channel) == -1)
{
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
"socketpair() failed while spawning \"%s\"", name);
return NGX_INVALID_PID;
}
ngx_log_debug2(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_CORE, cycle->log, 0,"channel %d:%d",ngx_processes[s].channel[0],ngx_processes[s].channel[1]);
if (ngx_nonblocking(ngx_processes[s].channel[0]) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,ngx_nonblocking_n " failed while spawning \"%s\"",name);
ngx_close_channel(ngx_processes[s].channel, cycle->log);
return NGX_INVALID_PID;
}
if (ngx_nonblocking(ngx_processes[s].channel[1]) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,ngx_nonblocking_n " failed while spawning \"%s\"",name);
ngx_close_channel(ngx_processes[s].channel, cycle->log);
return NGX_INVALID_PID;
}
on = 1;
if (ioctl(ngx_processes[s].channel[0], FIOASYNC, &on) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,"ioctl(FIOASYNC) failed while spawning \"%s\"", name);
ngx_close_channel(ngx_processes[s].channel, cycle->log);
return NGX_INVALID_PID;
}
if (fcntl(ngx_processes[s].channel[0], F_SETOWN, ngx_pid) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,"fcntl(F_SETOWN) failed while spawning \"%s\"", name);
ngx_close_channel(ngx_processes[s].channel, cycle->log);
return NGX_INVALID_PID;
}
if (fcntl(ngx_processes[s].channel[0], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,"fcntl(FD_CLOEXEC) failed while spawning \"%s\"",name);
ngx_close_channel(ngx_processes[s].channel, cycle->log);
return NGX_INVALID_PID;
}
if (fcntl(ngx_processes[s].channel[1], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,"fcntl(FD_CLOEXEC) failed while spawning \"%s\"",name);
ngx_close_channel(ngx_processes[s].channel, cycle->log);
return NGX_INVALID_PID;
}
ngx_channel = ngx_processes[s].channel[1];
} else {
ngx_processes[s].channel[0] = -1;
ngx_processes[s].channel[1] = -1;
}
ngx_process_slot = s;
// 调用fork产生子进程
pid = fork();
switch (pid) {
case -1:
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,"fork() failed while spawning \"%s\"", name);
ngx_close_channel(ngx_processes[s].channel, cycle->log);
return NGX_INVALID_PID;
//
case 0:
//0 是子进程,开始执行worker进程的核心函数
// 获取父进程的pid,
ngx_pid = ngx_getpid();
proc(cycle, data);
break;
// 这里是子进程的真正工作,无限循环
// proc = ngx_worker_process_cycle
// data = (void *) (intptr_t) i,即worker id
default:
break;
}
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "start %s %P", name, pid);
ngx_processes[s].pid = pid;
ngx_processes[s].exited = 0;
if (respawn >= 0) {
return pid;
}
ngx_processes[s].proc = proc;
ngx_processes[s].data = data;
ngx_processes[s].name = name;
ngx_processes[s].exiting = 0;
switch (respawn) {
case NGX_PROCESS_NORESPAWN:
ngx_processes[s].respawn = 0;
ngx_processes[s].just_spawn = 0;
ngx_processes[s].detached = 0;
break;
case NGX_PROCESS_JUST_SPAWN:
ngx_processes[s].respawn = 0;
ngx_processes[s].just_spawn = 1;
ngx_processes[s].detached = 0;
break;
case NGX_PROCESS_RESPAWN:
ngx_processes[s].respawn = 1;
ngx_processes[s].just_spawn = 0;
ngx_processes[s].detached = 0;
break;
case NGX_PROCESS_JUST_RESPAWN:
ngx_processes[s].respawn = 1;
ngx_processes[s].just_spawn = 1;
ngx_processes[s].detached = 0;
break;
case NGX_PROCESS_DETACHED:
ngx_processes[s].respawn = 0;
ngx_processes[s].just_spawn = 0;
ngx_processes[s].detached = 1;
break;
}
if (s == ngx_last_process) {
ngx_last_process++;
}
return pid;
}
4. ngx_worker_process_cycle 子进程的回调函数
ngx_worker_process_cycle为子进程的回调函数,一切子进程的工作从这个方法开始。
Nginx的进程最终也是有事件驱动的,所有这个方法中,最终会调用ngx_process_events_and_timers事件驱动的核心函数
// 传递给ngx_spawn_process(),是worker进程的核心功能
// data实际上是进程号, (void *) (intptr_t) i
static void ngx_worker_process_cycle(ngx_cycle_t *cycle, void *data)
{
// 把data再转换为进程序号
ngx_int_t worker = (intptr_t) data;
// 设置进程状态
ngx_process = NGX_PROCESS_WORKER;
ngx_worker = worker;
// 这里把进程号赋值给全局变量
// 读取核心配置,设置cpu优先级,core dump信息,unix运行的group/user
// 切换工作路径,根据pid设置随机数种子
// 调用所有模块的init_process,让模块进程初始化
ngx_worker_process_init(cycle, worker);
ngx_setproctitle("worker process");
// 无限循环,处理事件和信号
for ( ;; ) {
if (ngx_exiting) {
if (ngx_event_no_timers_left() == NGX_OK) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "exiting");
ngx_worker_process_exit(cycle);
}
}
ngx_log_debug0(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0, "worker cycle");
// 这个是关键
ngx_process_events_and_timers(cycle);
if (ngx_terminate) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "exiting");
ngx_worker_process_exit(cycle);
}
if (ngx_quit) {
ngx_quit = 0;
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0,
"gracefully shutting down");
ngx_setproctitle("worker process is shutting down");
if (!ngx_exiting) {
ngx_exiting = 1;
ngx_set_shutdown_timer(cycle);
ngx_close_listening_sockets(cycle);
ngx_close_idle_connections(cycle);
}
}
if (ngx_reopen) {
ngx_reopen = 0;
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "reopening logs");
ngx_reopen_files(cycle, -1);
}
}
}
参考文章:
1.https://initphp.blog.csdn.net/article/details/52265752