一、适用场景:通过已经存在的对象直接克隆出新对象的场景。比如有一个Person对象,其各个属性都已经设置完成,现在需要克隆出一个新的对象并进行少量修改。
二、示例
1.姓名类(Name)定义
package cn.edu.tju.app;
public class Name implements Cloneable{
private String firstName;
private String lastName;
public String getFirstName() {
return firstName;
}
public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
this.firstName = firstName;
}
public String getLastName() {
return lastName;
}
public void setLastName(String lastName) {
this.lastName = lastName;
}
@Override
public Name clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
return (Name)super.clone();
}
}
2.人员(Person)类定义:
package cn.edu.tju.app;
public class Person implements Cloneable{
private int id;
private Name name;
private int age;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public Name getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(Name name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public Person clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
return (Person)super.clone();
}
}
该类实现了Clonable接口,所以可以调用其clone方法进行克隆。
3.主类:
package cn.edu.tju.app;
public class PrototypeTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
Person p1=new Person();
p1.setId(1);
p1.setName(new Name());
p1.getName().setFirstName("Albert");
p1.getName().setLastName("Einstein");
p1.setAge(222);
Person p2=p1.clone();
System.out.println(p1.getName()==p2.getName());
}
}
程序的输出为true. 因此,可以看出p1中的name对象属性和p2中的name对象属性指向了同一个Name类对象,因为java语言本身提供的clone()方法只是简单的内存拷贝(浅拷贝)。要想使p1和p2中的两个name为不同的对象,除了调用super.clone()方法,还需要调用Name类中的clone()方法来进行name对象的拷贝,示例如下:
package cn.edu.tju.app;
public class People implements Cloneable {
private int id;
private Name name;
private int age;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public Name getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(Name name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public People clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
People people=(People)super.clone();
Name newName=(Name)name.clone();
people.setName(newName);
return people;
}
}
测试类如下:
package cn.edu.tju.app;
public class PrototypeTest2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
People p1=new People();
p1.setId(1);
p1.setAge(222);
p1.setName(new Name());
p1.getName().setFirstName("Albert");
p1.getName().setLastName("Einstein");
People p2=p1.clone();
System.out.println(p1.getName()==p2.getName());
}
}
程序输出为false