android 广播详解与实例（Broad Receiver）

      

• 系统全局广播

       以下3个例子属于系统全局广播，是一种可以跨进程的通信方式，从自己的应用程序发出的广播，其他的应用程序也是可以收到的。

一、接收系统广播（接收系统网络状态变化广播，需要在AndroidManifest.xml添加权限)

public void networkChangeReceiver()
{
    BroadcastReceiver broadcastReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    //ConnectivityManager是一个系统服务类，专门用于管理网络连接
                    ConnectivityManager connectivityManager = (ConnectivityManager)
                            getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);//获取ConnectivityManager实例
                    //获取NetworkInfo实例
                    assert connectivityManager != null;
                    NetworkInfo networkInfo = connectivityManager.getActiveNetworkInfo();
                    if (networkInfo != null && networkInfo.isAvailable()) {
                        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "network is available", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                    } else {
                        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "network is unavailable", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

                    }
                }
            });

        }
    };

    IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
    intentFilter.addAction("android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE");
    registerReceiver(broadcastReceiver, intentFilter);
}

二、发送自定义标准广播（标准广播异步执行，所有广播器接收到广播信息，但无法被截断）

     1. 创建MyBroadcastReceiver类

public class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{

	@Override
	public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
		// TODO 自动生成的方法存根
		Toast.makeText(MyApplication.getContext(), 
				"received in mybroadcastReceiver", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
	}


}

     2. 在AndroidManifestexml对广播接收器进行修改

    <application...>

    ...

 <receiver 
            android:name="com.example.BroadcastReceiver.MyBroadcastReceiver"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.example.BroadcastReceiver.MY_BROADCAST" />
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>
    </application>

      3. 在activity里发送广播（可利用Intent传送数据）

        Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.BroadcastReceiver.MY_BROADCAST");
        sendBroadcast(intent);

三、发送自定义有序广播（标准广播同步执行，广播器接收广播信息有先后顺序，优先级搞定广播接收器可截断信息）

     1. 在AndroidManifestexml对广播接收器进行修改

<manifest ...>

      <application...>

      ...

          <receiver 
              android:name="com.example.BroadcastReceiver.MyBroadcastReceiver"
              android:enabled="true"
              android:exported="true">

              //把 MyBroadcastReceiver的优先级设成100，优先级高的广播接收器先收到广播
              <intent-filter  android:priority="100">  
                  <action android:name="com.example.BroadcastReceiver.MY_BROADCAST" />
              </intent-filter>
          </receiver>
      </application>

</manifest>

      2. 在activity里发送广播

        Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.BroadcastReceiver.MY_BROADCAST");

        //用 sendOrderedBroadcast就发送有序广播
        sendOrderedBroadcast(intent,null);  //第一个参数是Intent,第二个参数是一个与权限相关的字符串

     3. 修改MyBroadcastReceiver类

public class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{

        @Override
         public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
                 // TODO 自动生成的方法存根
                Toast.makeText(MyApplication.getContext(), "received in mybroadcastReceiver", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

                 abortBroadcast();   //用abortBroadcast();将广播截断
}

}

• 本地广播

      只能在应用程序内部传递的广播,安全性高（LocalBroadcastManager）。

例子：

       本地广播注册与接收的函数：

/**
	 * 本地广播
	 */
		public void LocalBroadcastReceiver()
		{
			localReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver()
			{
				@Override
				public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent)
				{
					runOnUiThread(new Runnable()
					{			
						@Override
						public void run()
						{
							Toast.makeText(MyApplication.getContext(), "received local broadcast", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
						}
					});
					
				}
			};
			
			IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
			intentFilter.addAction("com.example.BroadcastReceiver.MY_BROADCAST");
			localBroadcastManager.registerReceiver(localReceiver, intentFilter);
		}

       函数的应用：

empty

       取消注册：

/**
 * 销毁activity		
 */
	@Override
	protected void onDestroy(){
		super.onDestroy();
//		if(broadcastReceiver != null){
//			unregisterReceiver(broadcastReceiver);//取消注册广播
//		}
		localBroadcastManager.unregisterReceiver(localReceiver);//取消注册本地广播
		
	}