XML Tutorial

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-25 19:40:29 发布

anArkitek

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-25 19:40:29 发布

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7. Describing Data with XML

<BusinessCard>
    <name>Joe Marini</name>
    <phone type = "home">+1 (415) 555-1234</phone>
    <phone type = "work">+1 (415) 555-2222</phone>
    <email>joe@gmail.com</email>
</BusinessCard>

8. Advantages and drawabacks of XML

Advantages

XML keeps content separate from presentation
XML is an open format that can be read by many applications
XML can be used on both the client and the server
XML has widespread support in multiple languages, runtimes
XML makes it possible for disparate systems to exchange data

Drawbacks

XML is not suitable for a very large data sets (like 1GB)
Some formats like JSON might be better in some cases
Some types like images aren’t represented well
XML can quickly get hard to read when complex

9. Real world examples of XML

RSS pages
Microsoft Office can aslo support XML

10. Types of XML content

XML document declaration (optional but recommended)
- standalone: whether the document is complete by itself

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes">

Elements (Tags) and Attributes
- attribute appears only once in the opening element

<element attribute="value">

Comments

<!-- This is a comment -->

Character Data
- It’s part of document but not parsed by XML parser. Typically used to contain unescaped textual data

<![CDATA[This is text & data]]>

<!-- Example -->
<script>
<![CDATA[
    function (a,b) {
        return a < b;
    }
]]>
</script>

Processing Instructions
- They are special instructions to the XML parser.

<?SpellCheckMode mode="us-english"?>

Entity References
- Help shorten and modularize XML documents
- Provide markup for otherwise illegal characters
- General entities:
  - Replaced by parser with a full string
  - Example: &copyright; or &author
- Character entities if the character is not on the keyboard
  - &#060;

Character (&#60;) and General (&copyright)

11. Proper XML syntax

XML documents must have a single root tag
XML documents must be “well-formed”
Empty tags must be closed with />
- Instead of <elem> </elem>, use <elem/>
Attriute values can’t be minimized
- <option selected> is illegal, use <option selected="selected">
Attribute values must be inside of quotes, single or double
- <elem attr=val> is illegal, use <elem attr="val">

12. Valid XML documents

INstead of only checking whether the the XML document is “well-formed” or not, we can also apply some rules to the parser like “tag A must be inside the tag B” and so on. If the document passes the rules and that’s called valid.

There are two ways to do this:

Document type definition (DTD)
1. simple to use but not powerful
2. written using a syntax that’s different that XML
XML Schema
1. more powerful and flexible that DTD

13. XML namespaces

Form

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<!-- Example -->
<table>
    <tr>
        <td>Cell Content</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>Cell Content</td>
    </tr>
</table>

<table>
    <type>Coffee</type>
    <price>199.99</price>
    <material>Wood</material>
    <stock>25</stock>
</table>

<!-- Solution -->
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
      xmlns:furn="http://www.funitur.org/items">
<table>
    <tr><td>
        <furn:table>
            <furn:type>Coffee</furn:type>
            <furn:price>199.99</furn:price>
            <furn:material>Wood</furn:material>
            <furn:stock>25</furn:stock>
        </furn:talbe>        
    </td></tr>
</table>