我们可不可以在子线程中更新UI系列三从源码角度带你去了解HandlerThread

我们在说HandlerThread前先看下在子线程如何使用Handler，如果你了解过主线程中的Handler，就很容易知道该怎么用，如果没有，建议你去看这篇博客：https://blog.csdn.net/android_seven/article/details/88838832

好了,这里我默认你读过前面的文章，现在就撸下代码吧，犹如在主线程一样，我们也要先去获取一个当前线程的looper对象，然后去创建一个Handler对象去接收发送消息，在开启loop.looper（）轮询消息，注意这个方法要写在最后额，因为是个死循环，其他代码写在这之后就无法执行了。那就贴一下在子线程中使用Handler的代码吧。

  private String TAG="HandlerActivity";
    Button btn1,btn2;
    Handler mThreadHandler1;
    Handler mThreadHandler2;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_handler);
        btn1=findViewById(R.id.button1);
        btn2=findViewById(R.id.button2);
        initHandler();



    }

    private void initHandler() {

        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                Looper.prepare();
                mThreadHandler1=new Handler(Looper.myLooper()){
                    @Override
                    public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                        super.handleMessage(msg);

                            Log.d(TAG, "handleMessage1: "+msg.what);

                    }
                };
                try {
                    sleep(3000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
//                mThreadHandler2.sendEmptyMessage(1);
                Looper.loop();
            }
        }).start();

 

看，这样就能在子线程中接收消息了，那么子线程和子线程是否可以传递消息呢，答案当然是可以的，同样我们在开启另外一个线程 互发消息，这里我让线程休眠几秒是为了防止对象为空喔，请大家看代码：

private String TAG="HandlerActivity";
    Button btn1,btn2;
    Handler mThreadHandler1;
    Handler mThreadHandler2;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_handler);
        btn1=findViewById(R.id.button1);
        btn2=findViewById(R.id.button2);
        initHandler();



    }

    private void initHandler() {

        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                Looper.prepare();
                mThreadHandler1=new Handler(Looper.myLooper()){
                    @Override
                    public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                        super.handleMessage(msg);

                            Log.d(TAG, "handleMessage1: "+msg.what);

                    }
                };
                try {
                    sleep(3000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                mThreadHandler2.sendEmptyMessage(1);
                Looper.loop();
            }
        }).start();


        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                Looper.prepare();
                mThreadHandler2=new Handler(Looper.myLooper()){
                    @Override
                    public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                        super.handleMessage(msg);
                        Log.d(TAG, "handleMessage2: "+msg.what);
                    }
                };

                try {
                    sleep(5000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                mThreadHandler1.sendEmptyMessage(2);
                Looper.loop();
            }
        }).start();
    }

 

通过打印我们看见这样我们的两个子线程就可以互发消息了，不过这样写是不是很麻烦，还得在每个子线程中去创建loop对象然后在去循环消息，谷歌也觉得，于是乎，HandlerThread就诞生了，我们去看HandlerThread的源码，这里我贴出来： 

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2006 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package android.os;

import android.annotation.NonNull;
import android.annotation.Nullable;

/**
 * Handy class for starting a new thread that has a looper. The looper can then be 
 * used to create handler classes. Note that start() must still be called.
 */
public class HandlerThread extends Thread {
    int mPriority;
    int mTid = -1;
    Looper mLooper;
    private @Nullable Handler mHandler;

    public HandlerThread(String name) {
        super(name);
        mPriority = Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_DEFAULT;
    }
    
    /**
     * Constructs a HandlerThread.
     * @param name
     * @param priority The priority to run the thread at. The value supplied must be from 
     * {@link android.os.Process} and not from java.lang.Thread.
     */
    public HandlerThread(String name, int priority) {
        super(name);
        mPriority = priority;
    }
    
    /**
     * Call back method that can be explicitly overridden if needed to execute some
     * setup before Looper loops.
     */
    protected void onLooperPrepared() {
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        mTid = Process.myTid();
        Looper.prepare();
        synchronized (this) {
            mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
            notifyAll();
        }
        Process.setThreadPriority(mPriority);
        onLooperPrepared();
        Looper.loop();
        mTid = -1;
    }
    
    /**
     * This method returns the Looper associated with this thread. If this thread not been started
     * or for any reason isAlive() returns false, this method will return null. If this thread
     * has been started, this method will block until the looper has been initialized.  
     * @return The looper.
     */
    public Looper getLooper() {
        if (!isAlive()) {
            return null;
        }
        
        // If the thread has been started, wait until the looper has been created.
        synchronized (this) {
            while (isAlive() && mLooper == null) {
                try {
                    wait();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                }
            }
        }
        return mLooper;
    }

    /**
     * @return a shared {@link Handler} associated with this thread
     * @hide
     */
    @NonNull
    public Handler getThreadHandler() {
        if (mHandler == null) {
            mHandler = new Handler(getLooper());
        }
        return mHandler;
    }

    /**
     * Quits the handler thread's looper.
     * <p>
     * Causes the handler thread's looper to terminate without processing any
     * more messages in the message queue.
     * </p><p>
     * Any attempt to post messages to the queue after the looper is asked to quit will fail.
     * For example, the {@link Handler#sendMessage(Message)} method will return false.
     * </p><p class="note">
     * Using this method may be unsafe because some messages may not be delivered
     * before the looper terminates.  Consider using {@link #quitSafely} instead to ensure
     * that all pending work is completed in an orderly manner.
     * </p>
     *
     * @return True if the looper looper has been asked to quit or false if the
     * thread had not yet started running.
     *
     * @see #quitSafely
     */
    public boolean quit() {
        Looper looper = getLooper();
        if (looper != null) {
            looper.quit();
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Quits the handler thread's looper safely.
     * <p>
     * Causes the handler thread's looper to terminate as soon as all remaining messages
     * in the message queue that are already due to be delivered have been handled.
     * Pending delayed messages with due times in the future will not be delivered.
     * </p><p>
     * Any attempt to post messages to the queue after the looper is asked to quit will fail.
     * For example, the {@link Handler#sendMessage(Message)} method will return false.
     * </p><p>
     * If the thread has not been started or has finished (that is if
     * {@link #getLooper} returns null), then false is returned.
     * Otherwise the looper is asked to quit and true is returned.
     * </p>
     *
     * @return True if the looper looper has been asked to quit or false if the
     * thread had not yet started running.
     */
    public boolean quitSafely() {
        Looper looper = getLooper();
        if (looper != null) {
            looper.quitSafely();
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the identifier of this thread. See Process.myTid().
     */
    public int getThreadId() {
        return mTid;
    }
}

 

我们发现，原来HandlerThread原来就是个线程啊，只不过它的run方法里面去创建了一个looper对象，并且开起了消息循环，这里我们要注意一下getLooper()里面的notifyAll()和wait()额，这个是为了防止我们在调用getLooper()时对象为空，所以让主线程挂起了，知道run方法执行获取了looper对象才唤醒了主线程。好了HandlerThread的源码就是这样简单，那我们该怎么用呢？我们来贴下代码：

 private String TAG="HandlerActivity";
    Button btn1,btn2;
    Handler mWorkHandler1;
    Handler mWorkHandler2;
    HandlerThread mHandlerThread1;
    HandlerThread mHandlerThread2;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_handler);
        btn1=findViewById(R.id.button1);
        btn2=findViewById(R.id.button2);
        btn1.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                mWorkHandler1.sendEmptyMessage(2);
            }
        });
        initHandlerThread();



    }

    private void initHandlerThread() {
        mHandlerThread1=new HandlerThread("workThread1");
        mHandlerThread1.start();
        mWorkHandler1=new Handler(mHandlerThread1.getLooper()){
            @Override
            public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                super.handleMessage(msg);
                Log.d(TAG, "handleMessage1: "+msg.what);

//                if(msg.what==1){
//                    mWorkHandler2.sendEmptyMessage(2);
//                }
            }
        };

        mHandlerThread2=new HandlerThread("workThread2");
        mHandlerThread2.start();
        mWorkHandler2=new Handler(mHandlerThread1.getLooper()){
            @Override
            public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                super.handleMessage(msg);

                Log.d(TAG, "handleMessage2: "+msg.what);
                if(msg.what==2){
                    mWorkHandler1.sendEmptyMessage(1);
                }
         

            }
        };


    }

 

其实也就三步走，第一步我们去new一个HandlerThread，第二步：我们去start一下，这样Looper对象就被创建并开始循环了，第三步：去创建一个Handler对象，并把HandlerThread里面的looper对象去创建Handler，这样的话Handler就运行在子线程了，三步搞定，我们在Button1设置点击事件，发送消息给mWorkHandler1，当1收到后在1的线程中发送给2,通过打印我们看见，完美执行了，

至此我们就说完了HandlerThread，简单吧，当然前提你得了解Handler机制。

至于内存泄漏的问题建议看两篇博客：https://www.cnblogs.com/baiqiantao/p/7425120.html

                                                           http://www.zhimengzhe.com/Androidkaifa/444651.html

关键点1.用静态内部类和弱引用代替内部类，因为非静态内部类会持有外部引用

          2.Activity退出时移除所有消息

本文如有不正之处，烦请大神指正，谢谢！