字典是由多个值及其对应的值构成的对组成(把键值对称为项) ,字典的每个键/值用冒号分割,每个项之间用逗号分割,字典包括在花括号{}中
字典的格式:
dict = {key1:value1,key2:value2}
示例:
dict = {'name':'zhangsan','age':18}
dict函数,将键/值序列对建立字典
student = [('name','zhangsan'),('age','18')]
print(dict(student))
字典的基本操作
修改字典
student = {'name':'zhangsan','age':18}
student['name'] = 'lisi'
print(student)
执行结果
{'name': 'lisi', 'age': 18}
len函数 统计字典元素的个数
student = {'name':'zhangsan','age':18,'city':'shenzhun'}
print(len(student))
执行结果
3
type函数
student = {'name':'zhangsan','age':18,'city':'shenzhun'}
print(type(student))
执行结果
<class 'dict'>
字典常用方法:
keys() 以列表返回一个字典的所有键
student = {'name':'zhangsan','age':18}
print(student.keys())
执行结果
dict_keys(['name', 'age'])
values() 以列表返回字典中的所有值
student = {'name':'zhangsan','age':18}
print(student.values())
执行结果
dict_values(['zhangsan', 18])
get() 返回指定键的值
student = {'name':'zhangsan','age':18}
print(student.get('age'))
执行结果
18
update() 用于把字典student2更新到student
student = {'name':'zhangsan','age':18}
student2 = {'country':'china'}
student.update(student2)
print(student)
执行结果
{'name': 'zhangsan', 'age': 18, 'country': 'china'}
items() 以列表返回可遍历的(键,值)元组数组 (items是python3的中方法,python2使用iteritems方法)
student = {'name':'zhangsan','age':18}
print(student.items())
执行结果
dict_items([('name', 'zhangsan'), ('age', 18)])
copy() 返回一个键值对的新字典,称为浅复制
示例
student = {'name':'zhangsan','age':18}
student2 = student.copy()
print(student2)
执行结果:
{'name': 'zhangsan', 'age': 18}
zip方法 高阶函数
a = ['a','b','c','d']
b = [1,2,3,4]
dict_zip = dict(zip(a,b))
print(dict_zip)
执行结果
{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3, 'd': 4}