python 字典操作

定义一个字典

dict1 = {"name":"小米","age":12}
print(dict1)

字典【】取值，如果所取的元素不存在，则报错

dict1 = {"name":"小米","age":12}
print(dict1['name'])  #结果：小米
print(dict1['sex'])  #报错

字典get()取值

dict1 = {"name":"小米","age":12}
print(dict1.get("name"))  #结果：小米
print(dict1.get("sex"))  #结果：None

#100是在查找height所对的value不存在的时候，提供一个默认值
print(dict1.get("height",100)) #结果：100

判断是否在字典中   in

dict1 = {"name":"小米","age":12}
print("name" in  dict1)

#结果：True

判断是否在字典中  not in

#

dict1 = {"name":"小米","age":12}
print("name" not in  dict1)  #语义为：name不在字典中，判断，不正确，name在字典中，所以为False

#结果：False

字典增加

dict1 = {"name":"小米","age":12}
dict1['height'] = "175cm"
print(dict1)
#结果：{'name': '小米', 'age': 12, 'height': '175cm'}

字典修改

dict1 = {"name":"小米","age":12}
dict1['name'] = "小李"
print(dict1)
#结果：{'name': '小李', 'age': 12}

取出字典所有的key

dict1 = {"name":"小米","age":12}
print(dict1.keys())
#结果：dict_keys(['name', 'age'])

取出字典所有的值

dict1 = {"name":"小米","age":12}
print(dict1.values())
#结果：dict_values(['小米', 12])

获取所有的键值对  key-value

dict1 = {"name":"小米","age":12}
print(dict1.items())
#结果：dict_items([('name', '小米'), ('age', 12)])

循环字典

dict1 = {"name":"小米","age":12}
for i,j in dict1.items():
    print(i,j)
#结果：
# name 小米
# age 12

字典生成式

# for 循环遍历列表，将列表中小元组的key和value取出，作为字典中的key：value

list4 = [('name','zhangsan'),('age','11'),('phone','a')]
dict_1 = {key:value for key,value in list4}
print (dict_1)


#结果：{'name': 'zhangsan', 'age': '11', 'phone': 'a'}