【剑指】59(1).滑动窗口的最大值

题目描述

给定一个数组和滑动窗口的大小，请找出所有滑动窗口里的最大值。例如，如果输入数组{2, 3, 4, 2, 6, 2, 5, 1}及滑动窗口的大小3，那么一共存在6个滑动窗口，它们的最大值分别为{4, 4, 6, 6, 6, 5}。

算法分析

用一个双端队列，队列第一个位置保存当前窗口的最大值，当窗口滑动一次判断当前最大值是否过期；新增加的值从队尾开始比较，把所有比他小的值丢掉。

提交代码：

class Solution {
public:
	vector<int> maxInWindows(const vector<int>& num, unsigned int size)
	{
		if (num.empty() || size < 1 || size > num.size())
			return vector<int>();

		deque<int> maxisium{0};
		vector<int> result;

		int i = 1;
		for (; i < size; ++i)
		{
			while (!maxisium.empty() && num[i] > num[maxisium.back()])
				maxisium.pop_back();
			maxisium.push_back(i);
		}

		result.push_back(num[maxisium.front()]);

		for (; i < num.size(); ++i)
		{
			if(!maxisium.empty() && (i - maxisium.front() + 1) > size)
				maxisium.pop_front();
			while (!maxisium.empty() && num[i] > num[maxisium.back()])
				maxisium.pop_back();

			maxisium.push_back(i);
			result.push_back(num[maxisium.front()]);
		}

		return result;
	}
};

测试代码：

// ====================测试代码====================
void Test(const char* testName, const vector<int>& num, unsigned int size, const vector<int>& expected)
{
	if (testName != nullptr)
		printf("%s begins: ", testName);

	Solution s;
	vector<int> result = s.maxInWindows(num, size);

	vector<int>::const_iterator iterResult = result.begin();
	vector<int>::const_iterator iterExpected = expected.begin();
	while (iterResult < result.end() && iterExpected < expected.end())
	{
		if (*iterResult != *iterExpected)
			break;

		++iterResult;
		++iterExpected;
	}

	if (iterResult == result.end() && iterExpected == expected.end())
		printf("Passed.\n");
	else
		printf("FAILED.\n");
}

void Test1()
{
	int num[] = { 2, 3, 4, 2, 6, 2, 5, 1 };
	vector<int> vecNumbers(num, num + sizeof(num) / sizeof(int));

	int expected[] = { 4, 4, 6, 6, 6, 5 };
	vector<int> vecExpected(expected, expected + sizeof(expected) / sizeof(int));

	unsigned int size = 3;

	Test("Test1", vecNumbers, size, vecExpected);
}

void Test2()
{
	int num[] = { 1, 3, -1, -3, 5, 3, 6, 7 };
	vector<int> vecNumbers(num, num + sizeof(num) / sizeof(int));

	int expected[] = { 3, 3, 5, 5, 6, 7 };
	vector<int> vecExpected(expected, expected + sizeof(expected) / sizeof(int));

	unsigned int size = 3;

	Test("Test2", vecNumbers, size, vecExpected);
}

// 输入数组单调递增
void Test3()
{
	int num[] = { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 };
	vector<int> vecNumbers(num, num + sizeof(num) / sizeof(int));

	int expected[] = { 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 };
	vector<int> vecExpected(expected, expected + sizeof(expected) / sizeof(int));

	unsigned int size = 4;

	Test("Test3", vecNumbers, size, vecExpected);
}

// 输入数组单调递减
void Test4()
{
	int num[] = { 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4 };
	vector<int> vecNumbers(num, num + sizeof(num) / sizeof(int));

	int expected[] = { 16, 14, 12 };
	vector<int> vecExpected(expected, expected + sizeof(expected) / sizeof(int));

	unsigned int size = 5;

	Test("Test4", vecNumbers, size, vecExpected);
}

// 滑动窗口的大小为1
void Test5()
{
	int num[] = { 10, 14, 12, 11 };
	vector<int> vecNumbers(num, num + sizeof(num) / sizeof(int));

	int expected[] = { 10, 14, 12, 11 };
	vector<int> vecExpected(expected, expected + sizeof(expected) / sizeof(int));

	unsigned int size = 1;

	Test("Test5", vecNumbers, size, vecExpected);
}

// 滑动窗口的大小等于数组的长度
void Test6()
{
	int num[] = { 10, 14, 12, 11 };
	vector<int> vecNumbers(num, num + sizeof(num) / sizeof(int));

	int expected[] = { 14 };
	vector<int> vecExpected(expected, expected + sizeof(expected) / sizeof(int));

	unsigned int size = 4;

	Test("Test6", vecNumbers, size, vecExpected);
}

// 滑动窗口的大小为0
void Test7()
{
	int num[] = { 10, 14, 12, 11 };
	vector<int> vecNumbers(num, num + sizeof(num) / sizeof(int));

	vector<int> vecExpected;

	unsigned int size = 0;

	Test("Test7", vecNumbers, size, vecExpected);
}

// 滑动窗口的大小大于输入数组的长度
void Test8()
{
	int num[] = { 10, 14, 12, 11 };
	vector<int> vecNumbers(num, num + sizeof(num) / sizeof(int));

	vector<int> vecExpected;

	unsigned int size = 5;

	Test("Test8", vecNumbers, size, vecExpected);
}

// 输入数组为空
void Test9()
{
	vector<int> vecNumbers;
	vector<int> vecExpected;

	unsigned int size = 5;

	Test("Test9", vecNumbers, size, vecExpected);
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
	Test1();
	Test2();
	Test3();
	Test4();
	Test5();
	Test6();
	Test7();
	Test8();
	Test9();

	return 0;
}