NS3初识——应用层ON/OFF模型分析

ns3自带应用层协议如下：

应用层的开关模型，可以设置开时间和关时间，在开时间以固定的码率产生数据，在关时间不产生数据，只有在开时间可以产生数据和发送分组，具体请看下面分析。
除此之外OnOffApplication还有另外3个常用的属性：

• PacketSize：发送分组负载大小，单位是B
• DataRate：分组产生速率，单位可指定不固定
• MaxBytes：能够发送的最大字节总数，默认值是0，即没有发送字节数上限。

OnOffApplication即支持TCP也支持UDP，对应的服务端应用为PacketSink

以下示例代码在example/tcp/tcp-star-server.cc文件中，拷贝到scratch文件夹下即可运行。拓扑是一个星形拓扑，中间节点运行服务端程序（PacketSink），其他节点运行客户机程序，也就是开关模型

// Default Network topology, 9 nodes in a star
/*
          n2 n3 n4
           \ | /
            \|/
       n1---n0---n5
            /| \
           / | \
          n8 n7 n6
*/

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <cassert>
#include "ns3/core-module.h"
#include "ns3/network-module.h"
#include "ns3/internet-module.h"
#include "ns3/point-to-point-module.h"
#include "ns3/applications-module.h"
#include "ns3/ipv4-global-routing-helper.h"

using namespace ns3;

NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE ("TcpServer");
void MacTxCallback(std::string context,Ptr<const Packet> packet){
   
  NS_LOG_UNCOND("time:"<<Simulator::Now().GetSeconds()<<" size:"<<packet->GetSize()<<" "<<context);
}
void MacRxCallback(std::string context,Ptr<const Packet> packet){
   
  NS_LOG_UNCOND("time:"<<Simulator::Now().GetSeconds()<<" size:"<<packet->GetSize()<<" "<<context);
}
void RxPacketCall(std::string context,Ptr<const Packet> packet, const Address &address){
   
  NS_LOG_UNCOND ("At time " << Simulator::Now ().GetSeconds ()
                       << "s packet sink received "
                       <<  packet->GetSize () << " bytes from "
                       << InetSocketAddress::ConvertFrom(address).GetIpv4 ()
                       << " port " << InetSocketAddress::ConvertFrom (address).GetPort ()
                       );
}
int 
main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
   
  //LogComponentEnable ("TcpServer", LOG_LEVEL_INFO);
  //LogComponentEnable ("TcpL4Protocol", LOG_LEVEL_ALL);
  //LogComponentEnable ("TcpSocketImpl", LOG_LEVEL_ALL);
  //LogComponentEnable ("PacketSink", LOG_LEVEL_INFO);
  
  LogComponentEnable ("OnOffApplication", LOG_LEVEL_INFO);
  //LogComponentEnable ("Ipv4ListRouting", LOG_LEVEL_INFO);

  // Set up some default values for the simulation.
  Config::SetDefault ("ns3::OnOffApplication::PacketSize", UintegerValue (250));//单位是B=8bit?
  Config::SetDefault ("ns3::OnOffApplication::DataRate", StringValue ("5kb/s"));//大概是0.4s发送一个分组，分组大小是250b吗？
  uint32_t N = 3; //number of nodes in the star

  // Allow the user to override any of the defaults and the above
  // Config::SetDefault()s at run-time, via command-line arguments
  CommandLine cmd;
  cmd.AddValue ("nNodes", "Number of nodes to place in the star", N);
  cmd.Parse (argc, argv);

  // Here, we will create N nodes in a star.
  NS_LOG_INFO ("Create nodes.");
  NodeContainer serverNode;
  NodeContainer clientNodes;
  serverNode.Create (1);
  clientNodes.Create (N-1);
  NodeContainer allNodes = NodeContainer (serverNode, clientNodes);

  // Install network stacks on the nodes
  InternetStackHelper internet;
  internet.Install (allNodes);

  //Collect an adjacency list of nodes for the p2p topology
  std::vector<NodeContainer> nodeAdjacencyList (N-1);
  for(uint32_t i=0; i<nodeAdjacencyList.size (); ++i)
    {
   
      nodeAdjacencyList[i] =