java-网络编程

网络编程

网络通信的要素

如何实现网络的通信？

通信双方的地址：

• ip
• 端口号

规则：网络通信的协议

• TCP/IP协议

网络编程中的两个主要问题

• 如何准确的定位到网络上的一台或者多台主机
• 找到主机之后如何进行通信

网络编程中的要素

• IP和端口号
• 网络通信协议 udp，tcp

IP

ip地址：InetAddress

• 127.0.0.1（localhost）本机地址
• ip地址的分类
  • ipv4/ipv6
    • IPV4 127.0.0.1，4个字节组成。 （2~255）
    • IPV6 fe80::e052:a8e4:6e1a:7829%7，128位
  • 公网（互联网） - 私网（局域网）

端口

端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程

• 不同的进程有不同的端口号，用来区分软件
• 规定0~65535
• 端口分类
  • 共有端口 0~1023
    • HTTP: 80
    • HTTPS: 443
    • FTP: 21
    • Telent: 23
  • 程序注册端口：
    • Tomcat: 8080
    • MySQL: 3306
    • Oracle: 1521
  • 动态私有：49152~65535

netstat -ano #查看所有的端口
netstat -ano|findstr "8080"#查看指定的端口

通信协议

TCP/IP协议

• TCP: 用户传输协议
• UDP：用户数据报协议

TCP

客户端

​ 1.连接服务器Socket

​ 2.发送消息

byName = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            //2.端口号
            int port = 9999;
            //3.创建一个socket连接
            socket = new Socket(byName,port);
            //4.发送消息 IO流
            outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
            outputStream.write("你好世界".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));

服务器

​ 1.建立服务的端口 ServerSockt

​ 2.等待用户的连接 accept

​ 3.接受用的消息

//1.我得有一个地址
            serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
            //2.等待客户端连接
            accept = serverSocket.accept();//serverSocket的监听
            //3.读取客户端的消息
            inputStream = accept.getInputStream();
            //管道流
            byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                byteArrayOutputStream.write(buffer,0,len);
            }
            System.out.println(byteArrayOutputStream.toString());

文件上传

服务端

package lesson02;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

public class TcpServerDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1.创建服务
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
        //2.监听客户端的连接
        Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听，会一直等待客户端连接
        //3.获取输入流
        InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
        //4.文件输出
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
            fos.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        //通知客户端接受完毕
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        os.write("我接收完毕了，你可以断开了".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        //关闭资源
        fos.close();
        is.close();
        socket.close();
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}

客户端

package lesson02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.nio.Buffer;
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1.创建一个Socket连接
        Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
        //2.创建一个输出流
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        //3.读取文件
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("zhoujunjie.jpg"));
        //4.写出文件
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1){
            os.write(buffer,0,len);
        }//通知服务器，我已经结束了
        socket.shutdownOutput();//我已经传输完了！

        //确定服务器接收完毕，才能够断开连接
        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        byte[] buffer2 = new byte[2024];
        int len2;
        while ((len2 = inputStream.read(buffer2)) != -1){
            baos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
        }
        System.out.println(baos.toString());
        //5.关闭文件
        baos.close();
        inputStream.close();
        fis.close();
        os.close();
        socket.close();

    }
}

Tomcat

服务器

• 自定义 S
• Tomcat服务器 S：Java后台开发

客户端

• 自定义 C
• 浏览器 B

UDP

不需要连接，需要知道地址

发送消息：

package lesson03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
//不需要连接服务器
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1.建立一个Socket
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();

        //发送给谁
        InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
        int port = 9090;

        //2.建一个包
        String msg = "Hello";
        //数据，数据的长度起始，要发送给谁
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length,localhost,port);

        //3.发送包
        socket.send(packet);

        //4.关闭流
        socket.close();
    }
}

接收端：

package lesson03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
//还是要等待客户端的链接！
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //开放端口
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
        //接收数据包
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);//接收
        socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收
        System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
        //关闭链接
        socket.close();
    }
}

​

循环接收消息

发送端

package chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
        //准备数据：控制台读取 System.in
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        while (true){
            String data = reader.readLine();
            byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666));

            socket.send(packet);
            if (data.equals("bye")){
                break;
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

接收端

package chat;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class UdpReceiveDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
        //准备接收包裹
        while (true){
            byte[] container = new byte[1024];
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
            socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹
            //断开链接
            byte[] data = packet.getData();
            String receiveData = new String(data,0,packet.getLength());
            System.out.println(receiveData);
            if (receiveData.equals("bye")){
                break;
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

在线咨询（两个人都可以是发送端也可以是接收端）

使用多线程

服务端

package chat;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
    DatagramSocket socket = null;
    private int port;
    private String msgFrom;
    public TalkReceive(int port,String msgFrom){
        this.port = port;
        this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {

        //准备接收包裹
        while (true){
            try {
                byte[] container = new byte[1024];
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
                socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹
                //断开链接
                byte[] data = packet.getData();
                String receiveData = new String(data,0,packet.getLength());
                System.out.println(msgFrom+":"+receiveData);
                if (receiveData.equals("bye")){
                    break;
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

客户端

package chat;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
    DatagramSocket socket = null;
    BufferedReader reader = null;
    private int fromPort;
    private String toIp;
    private int toPort;
    public TalkSend(int fromPort,String toIp,int toPort){
        this.fromPort = fromPort;
        this.toIp = toIp;
        this.toPort = toPort;

        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        //准备数据：控制台读取 System.in

        while (true){

            try {
                String data = reader.readLine();
                byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress(this.toIp,this.toPort));

                socket.send(packet);
                if (data.equals("bye")){
                    break;
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

主类

package chat;

public class TalkStudent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
    }
}

package chat;

public class TalkTeacher {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"学生")).start();
    }
}

URL下载网络资源

统一资源定位符：定位资源的，定位互联网上的某一个资源

DNS 域名解析 将域名映射成IP

协议://ip地址:端口号/项目名/资源

package lesson04;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
public class UrlDown {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1.下载地址
        URL url = new URL("https://s1.music.126.net/style/web2/emt/emoji_85.png");
        //2.连接到这个资源 http
        HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
        InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("emoji_85.png");
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1){
            fos.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        fos.close();
        inputStream.close();
        urlConnection.disconnect();
    }
}