Android中APK直接通过JNI访问驱动

1.新建文件LED-JNI.c，内容如下：

#include <jni.h>  /* /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-amd64/include/ */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>

#include <android/log.h>  /* liblog */

//__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, "JNIDemo", "native add ...");
 
#if 0
typedef struct {
    char *name;     /* Java里调用的函数名 */
    char *signature;   /* JNI字段描述符, 用来表示Java里调用的函数的参数和返回值类型 */
    void *fnPtr;     /* C语言实现的本地函数 */
} JNINativeMethod;
#endif

static jint fd;

jint ledOpen(JNIEnv *env, jobject cls)
{
    fd = open("/dev/msmgpio", O_RDWR);
    __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, "LEDDemo", "native ledOpen : %d", fd);
    if (fd >= 0)
        return 0;
    else
        return -1;
}

void ledClose(JNIEnv *env, jobject cls)
{
    __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, "LEDDemo", "native ledClose ...");
    close(fd);
}

jint ledCtrl(JNIEnv *env, jobject cls, jint which, jint status)
{
    int ret = ioctl(fd, which, status);
    __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, "LEDDemo", "native ledCtrl : %d, %d, %d", which, status, ret);
    return ret;
}

static const JNINativeMethod methods[] = {
    {"ledOpen", "()I", (void *)ledOpen},
    {"ledClose", "()V", (void *)ledClose},
    {"ledCtrl", "(II)I", (void *)ledCtrl},
};

/* System.loadLibrary */
JNIEXPORT jint JNICALL
JNI_OnLoad(JavaVM *jvm, void *reserved)
{
    JNIEnv *env;
    jclass cls;

    if ((*jvm)->GetEnv(jvm, (void **)&env, JNI_VERSION_1_4)) {
        return JNI_ERR; /* JNI version not supported */
    }
    cls = (*env)->FindClass(env, "mobiletek/hardlibrary/HardControl");
    if (cls == NULL) {
        return JNI_ERR;
    }

    /* 2. map java hello <-->c c_hello */
    if ((*env)->RegisterNatives(env, cls, methods, sizeof(methods)/sizeof(methods[0])) < 0)
        return JNI_ERR;

    return JNI_VERSION_1_4;
}

2.编译生成libhardcontrol.so，使用交叉编译器prebuilts/gcc/linux-x86/arm/arm-linux-androideabi-4.9/bin/arm-linux-androideabi-gcc：
arm-linux-androideabi-gcc -fPIC -shared LED-JNI.c -o libhardcontrol.so -I /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-amd64/include/  -nostdlib prebuilts/ndk/9/platforms/android-19/arch-arm/usr/lib/libc.so -I prebuilts/ndk/9/platforms/android-19/arch-arm/usr/include prebuilts/ndk/9/platforms/android-19/arch-arm/usr/lib/liblog.so

3.在Android Studio工程的app/libs目录下新建armeabi目录，将编译生成的libhardcontrol.so文件放入该目录下。

4.在工程目录app/src/main/java/mobiletek下新建hardlibrary目录，在hardlibrary目录下新建HardControl.java文件，文件内容如下：

package mobiletek.hardlibrary;

public class HardControl {
    public static native int ledCtrl(int which, int status);
    public static native int ledOpen();
    public static native void ledClose();

    static {
        try {
            System.loadLibrary("hardcontrol");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

}

5.编辑app/src/main/java/mobiletek/led/MainActivity.java文件，内容如下：

package mobiletek.led;

import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.CheckBox;
import android.widget.Toast;
import mobiletek.hardlibrary.*;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private boolean ledon = false;
    private Button button = null;

    private CheckBox checkBoxLed1 = null;
    private CheckBox checkBoxLed2 = null;
    private CheckBox checkBoxLed3 = null;
    private CheckBox checkBoxLed4 = null;

    int []ledctrl = {0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78};

    class MyButtonListener implements View.OnClickListener {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            ledon = !ledon;
            if (ledon) {
                button.setText("ALL OFF");
                checkBoxLed1.setChecked(true);
                checkBoxLed2.setChecked(true);
                checkBoxLed3.setChecked(true);
                checkBoxLed4.setChecked(true);

                for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
                    HardControl.ledCtrl(ledctrl[i], 1);
            }
            else {
                button.setText("ALL ON");
                checkBoxLed1.setChecked(false);
                checkBoxLed2.setChecked(false);
                checkBoxLed3.setChecked(false);
                checkBoxLed4.setChecked(false);


                for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
                    HardControl.ledCtrl(ledctrl[i], 0);

            }
        }
    }

    public void onCheckboxClicked(View view) {
        // Is the view now checked?
        boolean checked = ((CheckBox) view).isChecked();

        // Check which checkbox was clicked
        switch(view.getId()) {
            case R.id.LED1:
                if (checked) {
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "LED1 on", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    HardControl.ledCtrl(ledctrl[0], 1);
                }
                else {
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "LED1 off", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    HardControl.ledCtrl(ledctrl[0], 0);
                }
                break;
            case R.id.LED2:
                if (checked) {
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "LED2 on", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    HardControl.ledCtrl(ledctrl[1], 1);
                }
                else {
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "LED2 off", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    HardControl.ledCtrl(ledctrl[1], 0);
                }
                break;

            case R.id.LED3:
                if (checked) {
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "LED3 on", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    HardControl.ledCtrl(ledctrl[2], 1);
                }
                else {
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "LED3 off", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    HardControl.ledCtrl(ledctrl[2], 0);
                }
                break;

            case R.id.LED4:
                if (checked) {
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "LED4 on", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    HardControl.ledCtrl(ledctrl[3], 1);
                }
                else {
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "LED4 off", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    HardControl.ledCtrl(ledctrl[3], 0);
                }
                break;
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.BUTTON);
        HardControl.ledOpen();

        checkBoxLed1 = (CheckBox) findViewById(R.id.LED1);
        checkBoxLed2 = (CheckBox) findViewById(R.id.LED2);
        checkBoxLed3 = (CheckBox) findViewById(R.id.LED3);
        checkBoxLed4 = (CheckBox) findViewById(R.id.LED4);

        button.setOnClickListener(new MyButtonListener());

        /*
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            public void onClick(View v) {
                // Perform action on click
                ledon = !ledon;
                if (ledon)
                    button.setText("ALL OFF");
                else
                    button.setText("ALL ON");
            }
        });
        */
    }
}

6. 修改app/build.gradle文件：
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

android {
    compileSdkVersion 25
    buildToolsVersion "25.0.2"

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "mobiletek.led"
        minSdkVersion 15
        targetSdkVersion 25
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"
    }
+    sourceSets {
+       main {
+           jniLibs.srcDirs = ['libs']
+      }
+   }
    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
}

dependencies {
    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
    compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:25.1.0'
}

7. 编译，生成apk，安装到开发板，打开app，即可操作LED。

编译生成的libhardcontrol.so可以不随apk一起打包，单独放在/system/lib或者/vendor/lib目录均可，这样，就不需要新建armeabi目录，也不需要修改app/build.gradle文件。