MFC深入浅出--动态创建

 

Dynamic Creation(动态创建)

 程序执行期间，根据动态获得一个类名称，要求程序产生一个对象。“类别型录网”为此提供了基础。如果能够把类的大小记录在类别型录中，把建构函数（不是C++的构造函数，而是指即将出现的CRuntimeClass::CreateObject()）也记录在类别型录中，当程序在执行期获得一个类名称，它就可以在“类别型录网”中找出对应的元素，然后调用其建构函数，产生出对象。

类别型录网的元素CRuntimeClass于是发生变化：

Struct CruntimeClass

{

 //Attributes

    LRCSTR m_lpnzClassName;

    Int m_nObjectSize;

UINT m_wSchema; //schema number of the loaded class

CObject *(PASCAL * m_pfnCreateObject)();//NULL=>abstract class

CRuntimeClass *m_pBaseClass;

CObject *CreateObject();

Static CRuntimeClass *PASCAL Load();

//CruntimeClass objects linked together in the simple list

static CRuntimeClass *pFirstClass;

CRuntimeClass * m_pNextClass;

};

 

DECLARE_DYNCREATE/IMPLEMENT_DYNCREATE宏

 为了适应CRuntimeClass中新增的成员变量，再新添加两个宏。DECLARE_DYNCREATE和IMPLEMENT_DYNCREATE:

#define DECLARE_DYNCREATE(class_name) /

        DECLARE_DYNAMIC(class_name) /

        Static CObject *PASCAL CreateObject();

#define IMPLEMENT_DYNCREATE(class_name, base_class_name) /

        CObject *PASCAL class_name::CreateObject() /

{ return new class_name; }/

_IMPLEMENT_RUNTIMECLASS(class_name,base_class_name,0xFFFF,/

class_name::CreateObject)

以CframeWnd为例，程序如下：

class CframeWnd : public CWnd

{

    DECLARE_DTNCREATE(CFrameWnd);

    …

};

IMPLEMENT_DYNCREATE(CframeWnd,CWnd)

展开如下:

class CframeWnd : public CWnd

{

 public:

    static CRuntimeClass ClassCFrameWnd;

    virtual CRuntimeClass *GetRuntimeClass() const;

    static CObject *PASCAL CreateObject();

    …

};

CObject *PASCAL CframeWnd;;CreateObject()

{   return new CframeWnd; }

static char _lpszCFrameWnd[] = “ CFrameWnd ” ;

CRuntimeClass CframeWnd::classCFrameWnd = { _lpszCFrameWnd,sizeof(CFrameWnd),

           0XFFFF,CframeWnd::CreateObject,RUNTIME_CLASS(CWnd),NULL };

static AFX_CLASSINIT _init_CframeWnd(&CframeWnd::classCFrameWnd);

CRuntimeClass * CframeWnd::GetRuntimeClass() const

{ return &CframeWnd::classCFrameWnd;}

从宏的定义可以清楚的看到,拥有动态创建(Dynamic Creation)能力的类库,必然拥有RTTI能力.因为_DYNCREATE宏覆盖了_DYNAMIC宏.

 

范例程序

MFC.H

#define BOOL int

#define TURE 1

#define FALSE 0

#define LPCSTR LPSTR

#define char * LPSTR;

#define UINT int

#define PASCAL _stdcall

#define TRACE1 printf

#include <iostream.h>

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

class CObject

Struct CruntimeClass

{

 //Attributes

    LRCSTR m_lpnzClassName;

    Int m_nObjectSize;

UINT m_wSchema; //schema number of the loaded class

CObject *(PASCAL * m_pfnCreateObject)();//NULL=>abstract class

CRuntimeClass *m_pBaseClass;

CObject * CreateObject();