linux系统下的文本处理，awk，sed

当时看到shell文件下面有这样一个函数，当时觉得使用起来还是很简单的，而且处理文本速度蛮快的。

normalize_text() {
  awk '{print tolower($0);}' | sed -e "s/’/'/g" -e "s/′/'/g" -e "s/''/ /g" -e "s/'/ ' /g" -e "s/“/\"/g" -e "s/”/\"/g" \
  -e 's/"/ " /g' -e 's/\./ \. /g' -e 's/<br \/>/ /g' -e 's/, / , /g' -e 's/(/ ( /g' -e 's/)/ ) /g' -e 's/\!/ \! /g' \
  -e 's/\?/ \? /g' -e 's/\;/ /g' -e 's/\:/ /g' -e 's/-/ - /g' -e 's/=/ /g' -e 's/=/ /g' -e 's/*/ /g' -e 's/|/ /g' \
  -e 's/«/ /g' | tr 0-9 " "
}
normalize_text < news.2012.en.shuffled > data.txt

然后就去看了一下相关的函数。
关于swk:
http://www.cnblogs.com/ggjucheng/archive/2013/01/13/2858470.html
awk把文件逐行的读入，以空格为默认分隔符将每行切片，切开的部分再进行各种分析处理。
使用方法：

awk '{pattern + action}' {filenames}

上面的函数，第一句就是用awk来转化大小写。$表示分割的域，$0表示所有域，$1表示所有行的第一列。

sed是把当前行放入临时缓冲区，然后进行文本处理，可以用正则表达式，-e代表对文本进行处理，-f代表对文件进行处理。

sed -e "s/’/'/g" 

上面的这个实现了文本的替换，把’替换成’ 。
发现这个网站把linux的命令行做了一个索引。

http://man.linuxde.net/

bzip2 -c -d 
enwiki-latest-pages-articles.xml.bz2 | awk '{print tolower($0);}' | perl -e '
# Program to filter Wikipedia XML dumps to "clean" text consisting only of lowercase
# letters (a-z, converted from A-Z), and spaces (never consecutive)...
# All other characters are converted to spaces.  Only text which normally appears.
# in the web browser is displayed.  Tables are removed.  Image captions are.
# preserved.  Links are converted to normal text.  Digits are spelled out.
# *** Modified to not spell digits or throw away non-ASCII characters ***

# Written by Matt Mahoney, June 10, 2006.  This program is released to the public domain.

$/=">";                     # input record separator
while (<>) {
  if (/<text /) {$text=1;}  # remove all but between <text> ... </text>
  if (/#redirect/i) {$text=0;}  # remove #REDIRECT
  if ($text) {

    # Remove any text not normally visible
    if (/<\/text>/) {$text=0;}
    s/<.*>//;               # remove xml tags
    s/&amp;/&/g;            # decode URL encoded chars
    s/&lt;/</g;
    s/&gt;/>/g;
    s/<ref[^<]*<\/ref>//g;  # remove references <ref...> ... </ref>
    s/<[^>]*>//g;           # remove xhtml tags
    s/\[http:[^] ]*/[/g;    # remove normal url, preserve visible text
    s/\|thumb//ig;          # remove images links, preserve caption
    s/\|left//ig;
    s/\|right//ig;
    s/\|\d+px//ig;
    s/\[\[image:[^\[\]]*\|//ig;
    s/\[\[category:([^|\]]*)[^]]*\]\]/[[$1]]/ig;  # show categories without markup
    s/\[\[[a-z\-]*:[^\]]*\]\]//g;  # remove links to other languages
    s/\[\[[^\|\]]*\|/[[/g;  # remove wiki url, preserve visible text
    s/{{[^}]*}}//g;         # remove {{icons}} and {tables}
    s/{[^}]*}//g;
    s/\[//g;                # remove [ and ]
    s/\]//g;
    s/&[^;]*;/ /g;          # remove URL encoded chars

    $_=" $_ ";
    chop;
    print $_;
  }
}
' | normalize_text | awk '{if (NF>1) print;}' >> data.txt