Android热更新实现原理

原文地址：http://blog.csdn.net/lzyzsd/article/details/49843581

最近Android社区的氛围很不错嘛，连续放出一系列的Android动态加载插件和热更新库，这篇文章就来介绍一下Android中实现热更新的原理。

ClassLoader

我们知道Java在运行时加载对应的类是通过ClassLoader来实现的，ClassLoader本身是一个抽象来，Android中使用PathClassLoader类作为Android的默认的类加载器， 
PathClassLoader其实实现的就是简单的从文件系统中加载类文件。PathClassLoade本身继承自BaseDexClassLoader，BaseDexClassLoader重写了findClass方法， 
该方法是ClassLoader的核心

<code class="language-Java hljs java has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">protected</span> Class<?> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">findClass</span>(String name) <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">throws</span> ClassNotFoundException {
    List<Throwable> suppressedExceptions = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> ArrayList<Throwable>();
    Class c = pathList.findClass(name, suppressedExceptions);
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (c == <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>) {
        ClassNotFoundException cnfe = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> ClassNotFoundException(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Didn't find class \""</span> + name + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"\" on path: "</span> + pathList);
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span> (Throwable t : suppressedExceptions) {
            cnfe.addSuppressed(t);
        }
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">throw</span> cnfe;
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> c;
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li></ul>

看源码可知，BaseDexClassLoader将findClass方法委托给了pathList对象的findClass方法，pathList对象是在BaseDexClassLoader的构造函数中new出来的， 
它的类型是DexPathList。看下DexPathList.findClass源码是如何做的：

<code class="language-Java hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> Class <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">findClass</span>(String name, List<Throwable> suppressed) {
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span> (Element element : dexElements) {
        DexFile dex = element.dexFile;

        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (dex != <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>) {
            Class clazz = dex.loadClassBinaryName(name, definingContext, suppressed);
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (clazz != <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>) {
                <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> clazz;
            }
        }
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (dexElementsSuppressedExceptions != <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>) {
        suppressed.addAll(Arrays.asList(dexElementsSuppressedExceptions));
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>;
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li></ul>

直接就是遍历dexElements列表，然后通过调用element.dexFile对象上的loadClassBinaryName方法来加载类，如果返回值不是null，就表示加载类成功，会将这个Class对象返回。 
而dexElements对象是在DexPathList类的构造函数中完成初始化的。

<code class="language-Java hljs fix has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">this.dexElements </span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"> makeDexElements(splitDexPath(dexPath), optimizedDirectory,
                                           suppressedExceptions);</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul>

makeDexElements所做的事情就是遍历我们传递来的dexPath，然后一次加载每个dex文件。

实现

上面分析了Android中的类的加载的流程，可以看出来DexPathList对象中的dexElements列表是类加载的一个核心，一个类如果能被成功加载，那么它的dex一定 
会出现在dexElements所对应的dex文件中，并且dexElements中出现的顺序也很重要，在dexElements前面出现的dex会被优先加载，一旦Class被加载成功， 
就会立即返回，也就是说，我们的如果想做hotpatch，一定要保证我们的hotpacth dex文件出现在dexElements列表的前面。

要实现热更新，就需要我们在运行时去更改PathClassLoader.pathList.dexElements，由于这些属性都是private的，因此需要通过反射来修改。另外，构造我们自己的dex文件 
所对应的dexElements数组的时候，我们也可以采取一个比较取巧的方式，就是通过构造一个DexClassLoader对象来加载我们的dex文件，并且调用一次dexClassLoader.loadClass(dummyClassName); 
方法，这样，dexClassLoader.pathList.dexElements中，就会包含我们的dex，通过把dexClassLoader.pathList.dexElements插入到系统默认的classLoader.pathList.dexElements列表前面，就可以让系统优先加载我们的dex中的类，从而可以实现热更新了。下面展示一部分代码

<code class="language-Java hljs javascript has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">private static synchronized <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">Boolean</span> injectAboveEqualApiLevel14(
            <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">String</span> dexPath, <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">String</span> defaultDexOptPath, <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">String</span> nativeLibPath, <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">String</span> dummyClassName) {
    Log.i(TAG, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"--> injectAboveEqualApiLevel14"</span>);
    PathClassLoader pathClassLoader = (PathClassLoader) DexInjector.class.getClassLoader();
    DexClassLoader dexClassLoader = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> DexClassLoader(dexPath, defaultDexOptPath, nativeLibPath, pathClassLoader);
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">try</span> {
        dexClassLoader.loadClass(dummyClassName);
        <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">Object</span> dexElements = combineArray(
                getDexElements(getPathList(pathClassLoader)),
                getDexElements(getPathList(dexClassLoader)));


        <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">Object</span> pathList = getPathList(pathClassLoader);
        setField(pathList, pathList.getClass(), <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"dexElements"</span>, dexElements);
    } <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">catch</span> (Throwable e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">false</span>;
    }
    Log.i(TAG, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<-- injectAboveEqualApiLevel14 End."</span>);
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">true</span>;
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li></ul>

完整的demo请参考我的GitHub

上面只是说了一下hotpatch的原理，具体实现的时候，如果你的app应用了multidex，还会遇到其他的坑，请参考:

• QZone的博客

• 百度的同学的实现 HotFix

• 点评的同学的实现 Nuwa