排序：quicksort，quicksort3way

quicksort将a[low..high]分为a[low..j-1],a[j],a[j+1,high]。

quicksort3way将a[low..high]分为a[low..lt-1],a[lt..gt],a[gt+1..high]。

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.stream.Stream;

/**
 * Created by fhqplzj on 16-7-17 at 下午12:20.
 */
public class Quick {
    private static void exchange(int[] a, int i, int j) {
        int tmp = a[i];
        a[i] = a[j];
        a[j] = tmp;
    }

    private static int partition(int[] a, int low, int high) {
        int pivot = a[low];
        int i = low, j = high + 1;
        while (true) {
            while (a[++i] < pivot)
                if (i == high)
                    break;
            while (a[--j] > pivot)
                if (j == low)
                    break;
            if (i >= j)
                break;
            exchange(a, i, j);
        }
        exchange(a, low, j);
        return j;
    }

    private static void sort(int[] a, int low, int high) {
        if (low >= high)
            return;
        int j = partition(a, low, high);
        sort(a, low, j - 1);
        sort(a, j + 1, high);
    }

    public static void sort(int[] a) {
        sort(a, 0, a.length - 1);
    }

    private static void quick3way(int[] a, int low, int high) {
        if (low >= high)
            return;
        int lt = low, i = low + 1, gt = high;
        int pivot = a[low];
        while (i <= gt) {
            int cmp = a[i] - pivot;
            if (cmp < 0) {
                exchange(a, lt++, i++);
            } else if (cmp > 0) {
                exchange(a, i, gt--);
            } else {
                i++;
            }
        }
        quick3way(a, low, lt - 1);
        quick3way(a, gt + 1, high);
    }

    public static void quick3way(int[] a) {
        quick3way(a, 0, a.length - 1);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Random random = new Random(System.nanoTime());
        int[] array = Stream.generate(() -> random.nextInt(10)).limit(30).mapToInt(Integer::intValue).toArray();
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(array));
//        sort(array);
        quick3way(array);
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(array));
    }
}