使用 Python 实现点触验证码识别与处理

目标
本节的目标是使用 Python 语言实现点触验证码的识别与验证，不依赖第三方验证码识别平台。

准备工作
我们将使用 Selenium 库来驱动 Chrome 浏览器，并借助一些图像处理库来进行验证码识别。在此之前，请确保已正确安装了 Selenium 库、Chrome 浏览器，并配置好了 ChromeDriver。

了解点触验证码
点触验证码是一种需要点击图像中指定区域来完成验证的方式。常见的点触验证码样式如下图所示：

识别思路
识别此类验证码的难点主要在于文字和图像的识别。我们将使用 OCR 技术结合图像处理算法，来识别验证码中的文字和目标区域。

实现步骤
1. 安装依赖
首先，安装所需的 Python 库：

sh

pip install selenium pillow pytesseract opencv-python
2. 初始化 WebDriver
python
复制代码
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
import time

CHROME_DRIVER_PATH = '/path/to/chromedriver'
URL = 'http://admin.touclick.com/login.html'

def init_driver():
    service = Service(CHROME_DRIVER_PATH)
    options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service, options=options)
    driver.get(URL)
    return driver
3. 获取验证码图像
python

from PIL import Image
import io

def capture_captcha(driver):
    wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 20)
    captcha_element = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME, "touclick-pub-content")))
    location = captcha_element.location
    size = captcha_element.size
    screenshot = driver.get_screenshot_as_png()
    screenshot = Image.open(io.BytesIO(screenshot))

    left = location['x']
    top = location['y']
    right = location['x'] + size['width']
    bottom = location['y'] + size['height']

    captcha_image = screenshot.crop((left, top, right, bottom))
    captcha_image.save('captcha.png')
    return captcha_image
4. 识别验证码文字和点击
为了进行验证码的识别，我们可以使用 Tesseract OCR 和 OpenCV。以下是一个简单的示例，演示如何使用这些工具：

python

import pytesseract
import cv2
import numpy as np

def recognize_text(image):
    gray = cv2.cvtColor(np.array(image), cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
    _, thresh = cv2.threshold(gray, 150, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV)
    contours, _ = cv2.findContours(thresh, cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)

    coordinates = []
    for contour in contours:
        x, y, w, h = cv2.boundingRect(contour)
        if w > 15 and h > 15:  # Filter out small contours
            coordinates.append((x + w // 2, y + h // 2))

    return coordinates

def click_captcha(driver, coordinates):
    captcha_element = driver.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, "touclick-pub-content")
    actions = ActionChains(driver)
    for coordinate in coordinates:
        actions.move_to_element_with_offset(cap更多内容联系1436423940tcha_element, coordinate[0], coordinate[1]).click().perform()
        time.sleep(1)  # pause between clicks

def main():
    driver = init_driver()
    driver.find_element(By.ID, 'email').send_keys('your-email@example.com')
    driver.find_element(By.ID, 'password').send_keys('your-password')

    captcha_image = capture_captcha(driver)
    coordinates = recognize_text(captcha_image)
    click_captcha(driver, coordinates)

    driver.quit()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()