构建验证码识别模型

在本节中，我们将展示如何使用深度学习模型（CNN和RNN结合）来识别验证码。

1. 导入必要的库和定义参数
首先，导入所需的库并定义字符集和模型参数：

python

from keras.models import Model
from keras.layers import Input, Conv2D, MaxPooling2D, Reshape, Dense, Dropout, Lambda, GRU, BatchNormalization, Activation
from keras.optimizers import Adam
import keras.backend as K
import numpy as np
import string
import random
from captcha.image import ImageCaptcha
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# 定义字符集
characters = string.digits + string.ascii_uppercase
width, height, n_len, n_class = 170, 80, 4, len(characters) + 1
2. 定义模型结构
接下来，我们定义验证码识别模型的结构。这个模型结合了卷积神经网络（CNN）和循环神经网络（RNN），以有效地识别验证码序列。

python

# 输入层
input_tensor = Input((width, height, 3))

# 卷积层和池化层
x = input_tensor
for i in range(3):
    for j in range(2):
        x = Conv2D(32*2**i, (3, 3), padding='same', activation='relu')(x)
        x = BatchNormalization()(x)
    x = MaxPooling2D((2, 2))(x)

# 将卷积输出reshape并输入到GRU中
conv_shape = x.get_shape().as_list()
x = Reshape(target_shape=(conv_shape[1], conv_shape[2] * conv_shape[3]))(x)
x = Dense(32, activation='relu')(x)

# GRU层
rnn_size = 128
gru_1 = GRU(rnn_size, return_sequences=True, kernel_initializer='he_normal', name='gru1')(x)
gru_1b = GRU(rnn_size, return_sequences=True, kernel_initializer='he_normal', go_backwards=True, name='gru1_b')(x)
x = Add()([gru_1, gru_1b])

gru_2 = GRU(rnn_size, return_sequences=True, kernel_initializer='he_normal', name='gru2')(x)
gru_2b = GRU(rnn_size, return_sequences=True, kernel_initializer='he_normal', go_backwards=True, name='gru2_b')(x)
x = Concatenate()([gru_2, gru_2b])

# 全连接层和Dropout层
x = Dropout(0.25)(x)
x = Dense(n_class, activation='softmax')(x)

# 定义模型
base_model = Model(inputs=input_tensor, outputs=x)

# CTC损失函数
labels = Input(name='the_labels', shape=[n_len], dtype='float32')
input_length = Input(name='input_length', shape=[1], dtype='int64')
label_length = Input(name='label_length', shape=[1], dtype='int64')
loss_out = Lambda(ctc_lambda_func, output_shape=(1,), name='ctc')([x, labels, input_length, label_length])

# 编译模型
model = Model(inputs=[input_tensor, labels, input_length, label_length], outputs=[loss_out])
model.compile(loss={'ctc': lambda y_true, y_pred: y_pred}, optimizer=Adam(lr=0.001))
3. CTC损失函数
CTC（Connectionist Temporal Classification）损失函数是用于序列数据的损失函数，特别适合验证码识别这类不固定长度序列的问题。更多内容联系1436423940

python

def ctc_lambda_func(args):
    y_pred, labels, input_length, label_length = args
    y_pred = y_pred[:, 2:, :]  # 在Keras中，y_pred的第一个和第二个输出为无意义的blank和space
    return K.ctc_batch_cost(labels, y_pred, input_length, label_length)
4. 数据生成器
为了训练模型，我们需要定义一个数据生成器来生成训练所需的数据：

python

def gen(batch_size=128):
    X = np.zeros((batch_size, width, height, 3), dtype=np.uint8)
    y = np.zeros((batch_size, n_len), dtype=np.uint8)
    generator = ImageCaptcha(width=width, height=height)
    while True:
        for i in range(batch_size):
            random_str = ''.join([random.choice(characters) for j in range(n_len)])
            X[i] = np.array(generator.generate_image(random_str)).transpose(1, 0, 2)
            y[i] = [characters.find(x) for x in random_str]
        yield [X, y, np.ones(batch_size) * (conv_shape[1] - 2), np.ones(batch_size) * n_len], np.ones(batch_size)
5. 训练模型
最后，使用生成器开始训练模型：

python

model.fit_generator(gen(), steps_per_epoch=100, epochs=20)