functools.cmp_to_key(func)

将老式的比较函数(comparison function)转化为关键字函数(key function)。与接受key function的工具一同使用(如 sorted(), min(), max(), heapq.nlargest(), itertools.groupby())。该函数主要用来将程序转成 Python 3 格式的,因为 Python 3 中不支持比较函数。

  比较函数是可调用的,接受两个参数,比较这两个参数并根据他们的大小关系返回负值、零或正值中的某一个。关键字函数也是可调用的,接受一个参数,同时返回一个可以用作排序关键字的值。

  例如:

sorted(iterable, key=cmp_to_key(locale.strcoll))
class Solution:
# @param {integer[]} nums
# @return {string}
def largestNumber(self, nums):
from functools import cmp_to_key
key = cmp_to_key(lambda x,y: int(y) - int(x))
res = ', '.join(sorted(map(str, nums), key=key))
return res or '0'

nums = [-1,-2,3,4,9,2,3,4,5]
s = Solution()
print map(str, nums) #列表不去重
print s.largestNumber(nums)
nums = {1,02,3,4,9,2,3,4,5}
print map(str, nums) #字典会去重
print s.largestNumber(nums)
输出:
['-1', '-2', '3', '4', '9', '2', '3', '4', '5']
9, 5, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2, -1, -2
['1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '9']
9, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1

The `functools.cmp_to_key` function is a utility function in Python's `functools` module that helps convert a comparison function to a key function. In Python, sorting a list of objects requires a way to compare the objects. This is done by providing a comparison function that takes two objects as input and returns `-1`, `0`, or `1` depending on whether the first object is less than, equal to, or greater than the second object. However, some sorting functions in Python (such as the `sorted` function) require a key function instead of a comparison function. A key function takes a single object as input and returns a value that can be used for sorting. The `cmp_to_key` function helps convert a comparison function to a key function by returning a new function that takes a single object as input and returns a tuple `(comparison_result, object)` where `comparison_result` is the result of calling the original comparison function with the input object and another object, and `object` is the input object itself. This tuple can then be used for sorting. Here's an example of how to use `cmp_to_key`: ``` from functools import cmp_to_key def compare_length(str1, str2): if len(str1) < len(str2): return -1 elif len(str1) > len(str2): return 1 else: return 0 strings = ['cat', 'dog', 'elephant', 'a', 'zebra'] sorted_strings = sorted(strings, key=cmp_to_key(compare_length)) print(sorted_strings) # Output: ['a', 'cat', 'dog', 'zebra', 'elephant'] ``` In this example, we define a comparison function `compare_length` that compares the lengths of two strings. We then use `cmp_to_key` to convert this comparison function to a key function, and pass it to the `sorted` function to sort a list of strings by length. The resulting sorted list is `['a', 'cat', 'dog', 'zebra', 'elephant']`.
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