Python functools模块之cmp_to_key

Python functools模块之cmp_to_key

cmp_to_key()是将比较函数(comparison function)转化为关键字函数(key function)。与使用接受·关键字函数·的方法一同使用(如 sorted(), min(), max(), heapq.nlargest(), itertools.groupby() 等)。该函数主要用来将程序转成 Python 3 格式的,因为 Python 3 中不支持比较函数cmp()

  • 比较函数是可调用的,接受两个参数,比较这两个参数,例如:x,y 当x>y时返回1;等于时返回0;否则返回-1。关键字函数也是可调用的,接受一个参数,同时返回一个可以用作排序关键字的值。
  • 采用cmp_to_key()函数,可以接受两个参数,将两个参数做处理,例如:作和 作差等,转换成一个参数,即可应用于关键字函数

举例

from functools import cmp_to_key

nums = [3, 30, 34, 5, 9]
new_nums = sorted(nums, key=cmp_to_key(lambda x, y: y - x))
new_nums2 = sorted(nums, key=cmp_to_key(lambda x, y: x - y))
print(new_nums)
print(new_nums2)
#结果:
#[34, 30, 9, 5, 3]
#[3, 5, 9, 30, 34]
from functools import cmp_to_key

nums = [3, 30, 34, 5, 9]
nums2 = map(str, nums)
new_nums2 = sorted(nums2, key=cmp_to_key(lambda x, y: int(x + y) - int(y + x)))
print(new_nums2)
#结果:
#['30', '3', '34', '5', '9']
from functools import cmp_to_key

nums = [3, 30, 34, 5, 9]
nums2 = map(str, nums)
new_nums3 = sorted(nums2, key=cmp_to_key(lambda x, y: int(x + y) - int(y + x)), reverse=True)
print(new_nums3)
#结果:
#['9', '5', '34', '3', '30']
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The `functools.cmp_to_key` function is a utility function in Python's `functools` module that helps convert a comparison function to a key function. In Python, sorting a list of objects requires a way to compare the objects. This is done by providing a comparison function that takes two objects as input and returns `-1`, `0`, or `1` depending on whether the first object is less than, equal to, or greater than the second object. However, some sorting functions in Python (such as the `sorted` function) require a key function instead of a comparison function. A key function takes a single object as input and returns a value that can be used for sorting. The `cmp_to_key` function helps convert a comparison function to a key function by returning a new function that takes a single object as input and returns a tuple `(comparison_result, object)` where `comparison_result` is the result of calling the original comparison function with the input object and another object, and `object` is the input object itself. This tuple can then be used for sorting. Here's an example of how to use `cmp_to_key`: ``` from functools import cmp_to_key def compare_length(str1, str2): if len(str1) < len(str2): return -1 elif len(str1) > len(str2): return 1 else: return 0 strings = ['cat', 'dog', 'elephant', 'a', 'zebra'] sorted_strings = sorted(strings, key=cmp_to_key(compare_length)) print(sorted_strings) # Output: ['a', 'cat', 'dog', 'zebra', 'elephant'] ``` In this example, we define a comparison function `compare_length` that compares the lengths of two strings. We then use `cmp_to_key` to convert this comparison function to a key function, and pass it to the `sorted` function to sort a list of strings by length. The resulting sorted list is `['a', 'cat', 'dog', 'zebra', 'elephant']`.

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