Chapter 1 Computer Abstractions and Technology

1.13 Exercises

1.1

Personal computers(PCs) emphasize delivery of good performance to single users at low cost and usually execute third-party software.

Servers are the modern form of what were once much larger computers,and are usually accessed only via a network.

Supercomputers are that a class of computers with the highest performance and cost.

Embedded computers are the largest class of computers and span the widest range of applications and performance.

1.2

a. performance via pipelining
b.dependability via redundancy
c. use abstraction to simplify design
d. make the common case fast
e. performance via prediction
f. design for Moore’s Law
g. performance via parallelism
h. hierarchy of memories

1.3

High-level language program ------(Compiler)-------> Assembly language program ------(Assembler)------> Binary machine language program

1.4

a. 1280 * 1024 * 8 * 3 / 8 = 3932160 bytes
b. (3932160 * 8) / (100 * 2^20) = 0.3 s

1.5

a.
Execution time = Instruction count * CPI / clock rate
result = Instruction count / Execution time = clock rate / CPI
result1 = 3 / 1.5 = 2
result2 = 2.5 / 1.0 = 2.5
result3 = 4.0 / 2.2 = 1.82
so processor B has the highest performance expressed in instructions per second.

b.
cycles1 = 10 * 3 * 10^9 = 3.0E10, instructions1 = cycles1 / 1.5
cycles2 = 10 * 2.5 * 10^9 = 2.5E10, instructions2 = cycles2 / 1.0
cycles3 = 10 *