《Computer Organization and Design》Chap.1 笔记

提要：

1. 计算机八大思想
2. 如何评价计算机的性能？——时间指标

内容：
Eight Great Ideas in Computer

1. Design for Moore’s Law 摩尔定律
   Integrated circuit resources double every 18–24 months.
   IC上可容纳的晶体管数目,约每隔18个月便会增加一倍,性能也将提升一倍。
2. Use Abstraction to Simplify Design 抽象化
   high-level language program->compiler->assembly language program->assembler->binary machine language program
   

3. Make the Common Case Fast 加速经常性事件
4. Performance via Parallelism 并行
5. Performance via Pipelining 流水线
6. Performance via Prediction 预测
7. Hierarchy of Memories 内存分层
8. Dependability via Redundancy 利用冗余提高可靠性

** Performance**

CPI (Clock cycles per instruction): Average number of clock cycles per instruction for a program or program fragment.
CPU time = Instruction count * CPI * Clock cycle time
Amdahl’s Law: A rule stating that the performance enhancement possible with a given improvement is limited by the amount that the improved feature is used.
MIPS ( million instructions per second):A measurement of program execution speed based on the number of millions of instructions.
MIPS= Instruction count/ (Excecution time * 10^6) = Clock rate/ (CPI * 10^6)