在简单工厂模式中,当增加新的实体对象时,需要修改工厂类的switch代码块,容易出错,违反开放-封闭原则。针对于此,可以改成为每个实体对象创建一个工厂类,即为工厂(方法)模式。
UML图:
代码:
public interface EmployeeDao {
Employee selectById(int id);
}
public class EmployeeDaoMySQLImpl implements EmployeeDao {
@Override
public Employee selectById(int id) {
System.out.println("EmployeeDaoMySQLImpl::selectById");
return new Employee();
}
}
public class EmployeeDaoOracleImpl implements EmployeeDao {
@Override
public Employee selectById(int id) {
System.out.println("EmployeeDaoOracleImpl::selectById");
return new Employee();
}
}
public interface EmployeeDaoFactory {
EmployeeDao getEmployeeDao();
}
public class EmployeeDaoMySQLFactory implements EmployeeDaoFactory {
@Override
public EmployeeDao getEmployeeDao() {
return new EmployeeDaoMySQLImpl();
}
}
public class EmployeeDaoOracleFactory implements EmployeeDaoFactory {
@Override
public EmployeeDao getEmployeeDao() {
return new EmployeeDaoOracleImpl();
}
}
客户端:
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
EmployeeDaoFactory employeeDaoFactory = new EmployeeDaoMySQLFactory();
Employee employee = employeeDaoFactory.getEmployeeDao().selectById(1);
employeeDaoFactory = new EmployeeDaoOracleFactory();
employee = employeeDaoFactory.getEmployeeDao().selectById(2);
}
}
工厂方法模式把实例化子类的逻辑判断转移到了客户端进行,减少了修改底层代码可能引发的异常,但同时也增加了客户端的复杂度。
在实际开发中,数据库通常不会只有一个表,如果有10个表,按上述代码在切换数据库时就要修改10个工厂类的生成代码,繁复且容易出错。这种情况下,可以使用抽象工厂模式。