C#多线程同步事件及等待句柄 .
标签: 多线程同步
2013-10-29 16:39 14037人阅读 评论(4) 收藏 举报
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最近捣鼓了一下多线程的同步问题,发现其实C#关于多线程同步事件处理还是很灵活,这里主要写一下,自己测试的一些代码,涉及到了AutoResetEvent 和 ManualResetEvent,当然还有也简要提了一下System.Threading.WaitHandle.WaitOne 、System.Threading.WaitHandle.WaitAny和System.Threading.WaitHandle.WaitAll ,下面我们一最初学者的角度来看,多线程之间的同步。
假设有这样的一个场景,主线程开了一个子线程,让子线程等着,等主线程完成了某件事情时再通知子线程去往下执行,这里关键就在于这个怎让子线程等着,主线程怎通知子线程,一般情况下我们不难想到用一个公共变量,于是咱们就有了下面的代码:
[csharp] view plain copy
01.using System;
02.using System.Collections.Generic;
03.using System.Text;
04.using System.Threading;
05.
06.namespace AutoResetEventTest
07.{
08. class Class1
09. {
10. static bool flag = true;
11.
12. static void DoWork()
13. {
14. Console.WriteLine(" worker thread started, now waiting on event...");
15. while (flag)
16. {
17.
18. }
19. Console.WriteLine(" worker thread reactivated, now exiting...");
20. }
21.
22. static void Main()
23. {
24. Console.WriteLine("main thread starting worker thread...");
25. Thread t = new Thread(DoWork);
26. t.Start();
27.
28. Console.WriteLine("main thrad sleeping for 1 second...");
29. Thread.Sleep(1000);
30.
31. Console.WriteLine("main thread signaling worker thread...");
32. flag = false;
33. }
34. }
35.}
虽然目的达到了,但是看着这代码就纠结,下面该是我们的主角上场了,AutoResetEvent 和 ManualResetEvent,关于这两者我们暂且认为是差不多了,稍后我会介绍他们的不同,这里以AutoResetEvent为例,其实很多官方的说法太过于抽象,这里通俗地讲,可以认为AutoResetEvent就是一个公共的变量(尽管它是一个事件),创建的时候可以设置为false,然后在要等待的线程使用它的WaitOne方法,那么线程就一直会处于等待状态,只有这个AutoResetEvent被别的线程使用了Set方法,也就是要发通知的线程使用了它的Set方法,那么等待的线程就会往下执行了,Set就是发信号,WaitOne是等待信号,只有发了信号,等待的才会执行。如果不发的话,WaitOne后面的程序就永远不会执行。好下面看用AutoResetEvent改造上面的程序:
[csharp] view plain copy
01.using System;
02.using System.Collections.Generic;
03.using System.Text;
04.using System.Threading;
05.
06.namespace AutoResetEventTest
07.{
08. class Class2
09. {
10. static AutoResetEvent mEvent=new AutoResetEvent(false);
11. //static ManualResetEvent mEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false);
12.
13. static void DoWork()
14. {
15. Console.WriteLine(" worker thread started, now waiting on event...");
16. mEvent.WaitOne();
17. Console.WriteLine(" worker thread reactivated, now exiting...");
18. }
19.
20. static void Main()
21. {
22. Console.WriteLine("main thread starting worker thread...");
23. Thread t = new Thread(DoWork);
24. t.Start();
25.
26. Console.WriteLine("main thrad sleeping for 1 second...");
27. Thread.Sleep(1000);
28.
29. Console.WriteLine("main thread signaling worker thread...");
30. mEvent.Set();
31. }
32. }
33.}
这时代码是不是清爽多了,这里其实你还会看到,把上面的AutoResetEvent换成ManualResetEvent也是没有问题的,那么它两之间的区别是什么呢?个人认为它们最大的区别在于,无论何时,只要 AutoResetEvent 激活线程,它的状态将自动从终止变为非终止。相反,ManualResetEvent 允许它的终止状态激活任意多个线程,只有当它的 Reset 方法被调用时才还原到非终止状态。开下面的代码:
[csharp] view plain copy
01.using System;
02.using System.Collections.Generic;
03.using System.Text;
04.using System.Threading;
05.
06.namespace AutoResetEventTest
07.{
08. class Class3
09. {
10. static AutoResetEvent mEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false);
11. //static ManualResetEvent mEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false);
12.
13. static void DoWork()
14. {
15. Console.WriteLine(" worker thread started, now waiting on event...");
16. for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
17. {
18. mEvent.WaitOne();
19. //mEvent.Reset();
20. Console.WriteLine(" worker thread reactivated, now exiting...");
21. }
22. }
23.
24. static void Main()
25. {
26. Console.WriteLine("main thread starting worker thread...");
27. Thread t = new Thread(DoWork);
28. t.Start();
29.
30. for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
31. {
32. Thread.Sleep(1000);
33. Console.WriteLine("main thread signaling worker thread...");
34. mEvent.Set();
35. }
36. }
37. }
38.}
如果你想仅仅把AutoResetEvent换成ManualResetEvent的话,你发现输出就会乱套了,为什么呢?
假如有autoevent.WaitOne()和manualevent.WaitOne(),当线程得到信号后都得以继续执行。差别就在调用后,autoevent.WaitOne()每次只允许一个线程进入,当某个线程得到信号(也就是有其他线程调用了autoevent.Set()方法后)后,autoevent会自动又将信号置为不发送状态,则其他调用WaitOne的线程只有继续等待,也就是说,autoevent一次只唤醒一个线程。而manualevent则可以唤醒多个线程,当某个线程调用了set方法后,其他调用waitone的线程获得信号得以继续执行,而manualevent不会自动将信号置为不发送,也就是说,除非手工调用了manualevent.Reset()方法,否则manualevent将一直保持有信号状态,manualevent也就可以同时唤醒多个线程继续执行。
在上面代码中,如果将AutoResetEvent换成ManualResetEvent的话,只要要在waitone后面做下reset,就会达到同样的效果。
之后咱们再来个简单的例子:
[csharp] view plain copy
01.using System;
02.using System.Collections.Generic;
03.using System.Text;
04.using System.Threading;
05.
06.namespace AutoResetEventTest
07.{
08. class Class4
09. {
10. public static AutoResetEvent mEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false);
11.
12. public static void trmain()
13. {
14. Thread tr = Thread.CurrentThread;
15. Console.WriteLine("thread: waiting for an event");
16. mEvent.WaitOne();
17. Console.WriteLine("thread: got an event");
18. for (int x = 0; x < 10; x++)
19. {
20. Thread.Sleep(1000);
21. Console.WriteLine(tr.Name + ": " + x);
22. }
23. }
24. static void Main(string[] args)
25. {
26. Thread thrd1 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(trmain));
27. thrd1.Name = "thread1";
28. thrd1.Start();
29. for (int x = 0; x < 10; x++)
30. {
31. Thread.Sleep(900);
32. Console.WriteLine("Main:" + x);
33. if (5 == x) mEvent.Set();
34. }
35. while (thrd1.IsAlive)
36. {
37. Thread.Sleep(1000);
38. Console.WriteLine("Main: waiting for thread to stop");
39. }
40. }
41. }
42.}
是不是更有感觉了?之后咱来看看另外几个东东:
System.Threading.WaitHandle.WaitOne 使线程一直等待,直到单个事件变为终止状态;
System.Threading.WaitHandle.WaitAny 阻止线程,直到一个或多个指示的事件变为终止状态;
System.Threading.WaitHandle.WaitAll 阻止线程,直到所有指示的事件都变为终止状态。
然后再来个例子,以WaitAll使用为例:
[csharp] view plain copy
01.using System;
02.using System.Collections.Generic;
03.using System.Text;
04.using System.Threading;
05.
06.namespace AutoResetEventTest
07.{
08. class other
09. {
10. static void Main(string[] args)
11. {
12. Random randomGenerator = new Random();
13. AutoResetEvent[] resets=new AutoResetEvent[5];
14.
15. for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
16. {
17. resets[i] = new AutoResetEvent(false);
18. int wTime = randomGenerator.Next(10)+1;
19.
20. worker w = new worker(wTime, resets[i]);
21.
22. Thread thrd1 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(w.work));
23. thrd1.Start();
24. }
25. WaitHandle.WaitAll(resets);
26. Console.WriteLine("ALL worker done - main exiting.");
27. }
28.
29. }
30.
31. public class worker
32. {
33. public string name;
34. public int wTime;
35. public AutoResetEvent mEvent;
36.
37. public worker(int w, AutoResetEvent m)
38. {
39. name = w.ToString();
40. wTime = w * 1000;
41. mEvent = m;
42. }
43.
44. public void work()
45. {
46. Console.WriteLine(name + " worker thread waiting for " + wTime + "....");
47. Thread.Sleep(wTime);
48. Console.WriteLine(name + " worker thread back...");
49. mEvent.Set();
50. }
51. }
52.}
简单来说就是,开了5个线程,每个线程随机休眠若干秒,都完成后通知主线程退出,这里就开了一个AutoResetEvent数组,主线程就WaitHandle.WaitAll(resets) ,子线程休眠完后就Set1个AutoResetEvent,最后都Set完后,主线程就会往下执行。最后最后再来个买书付款取货的例子,加深理解:
[csharp] view plain copy
01.using System;
02.using System.Collections.Generic;
03.using System.Text;
04.using System.Threading;
05.
06.namespace AutoResetEventTest
07.{
08. class Program
09. {
10. const int numIterations = 10;
11. static AutoResetEvent myResetEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false);
12. static AutoResetEvent ChangeEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false);
13. //static ManualResetEvent myResetEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false);
14. //static ManualResetEvent ChangeEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false);
15. static int number; //这是关键资源
16.
17. static void Main()
18. {
19. Thread payMoneyThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(PayMoneyProc));
20. payMoneyThread.Name = "付钱线程";
21. Thread getBookThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(GetBookProc));
22. getBookThread.Name = "取书线程";
23. payMoneyThread.Start();
24. getBookThread.Start();
25.
26. for (int i = 1; i <= numIterations; i++)
27. {
28. Console.WriteLine("买书线程:数量{0}", i);
29. number = i;
30. //Signal that a value has been written.
31. myResetEvent.Set();
32. //ChangeEvent.Set();
33. Thread.Sleep(10);
34.
简单来说就是,开了5个线程,每个线程随机休眠若干秒,都完成后通知主线程退出,这里就开了一个AutoResetEvent数组,主线程就WaitHandle.WaitAll(resets) ,子线程休眠完后就Set1个AutoResetEvent,最后都Set完后,主线程就会往下执行。最后最后再来个买书付款取货的例子,加深理解:
[csharp] view plain copy
01.using System;
02.using System.Collections.Generic;
03.using System.Text;
04.using System.Threading;
05.
06.namespace AutoResetEventTest
07.{
08. class Program
09. {
10. const int numIterations = 10;
11. static AutoResetEvent myResetEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false);
12. static AutoResetEvent ChangeEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false);
13. //static ManualResetEvent myResetEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false);
14. //static ManualResetEvent ChangeEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false);
15. static int number; //这是关键资源
16.
17. static void Main()
18. {
19. Thread payMoneyThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(PayMoneyProc));
20. payMoneyThread.Name = "付钱线程";
21. Thread getBookThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(GetBookProc));
22. getBookThread.Name = "取书线程";
23. payMoneyThread.Start();
24. getBookThread.Start();
25.
26. for (int i = 1; i <= numIterations; i++)
27. {
28. Console.WriteLine("买书线程:数量{0}", i);
29. number = i;
30. //Signal that a value has been written.
31. myResetEvent.Set();
32. //ChangeEvent.Set();
33. Thread.Sleep(10);
34. }
35. payMoneyThread.Abort();
36. getBookThread.Abort();
37. }
38.
39. static void PayMoneyProc()
40. {
41. while (true)
42. {
43. myResetEvent.WaitOne();
44. //myResetEvent.Reset();
45. Console.WriteLine("{0}:数量{1}", Thread.CurrentThread.Name, number);
46. ChangeEvent.Set();
47. }
48. }
49. static void GetBookProc()
50. {
51. while (true)
52. {
53. ChangeEvent.WaitOne();
54. //ChangeEvent.Reset();
55. Console.WriteLine("{0}:数量{1}", Thread.CurrentThread.Name, number);
56. Console.WriteLine("------------------------------------------");
57. //Thread.Sleep(0);
58. }
59. }
60. }
61.}
本文部分资料来源于网络,特此声明!
相关链接:http://www.cnblogs.com/freshman0216/archive/2008/07/30/1252345.html
http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/z6w25xa6%28VS.80%29.aspx
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