1.同步和异步
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/eff871f813664fd6913176238f324e00.png)
同步方式实现DNS请求
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#define DNS_SVR "114.114.114.114"
#define DNS_HOST 0x01
#define DNS_CNAME 0x05
struct dns_header
{
unsigned short id;
unsigned short flags;
unsigned short qdcount;
unsigned short ancount;
unsigned short nscount;
unsigned short arcount;
};
struct dns_question
{
int length;
unsigned short qtype;
unsigned short qclass;
char *qname;
};
struct dns_item
{
char *domain;
char *ip;
};
int dns_create_header(struct dns_header *header)
{
if (header == NULL)
return -1;
memset(header, 0, sizeof(struct dns_header));
srandom(time(NULL));
header->id = random();
header->flags |= htons(0x0100);
header->qdcount = htons(1);
return 0;
}
int dns_create_question(struct dns_question *question, const char *hostname)
{
if (question == NULL)
return -1;
memset(question, 0, sizeof(struct dns_question));
question->qname = (char *)malloc(strlen(hostname) + 2);
if (question->qname == NULL)
return -2;
question->length = strlen(hostname) + 2;
question->qtype = htons(1);
question->qclass = htons(1);
const char delim[2] = ".";
char *hostname_dup = strdup(hostname);
char *token = strtok(hostname_dup, delim);
char *qname_p = question->qname;
while (token != NULL)
{
size_t len = strlen(token);
*qname_p = len;
qname_p++;
strncpy(qname_p, token, len + 1);
qname_p += len;
token = strtok(NULL, delim);
}
free(hostname_dup);
return 0;
}
int dns_build_request(struct dns_header *header, struct dns_question *question, char *request)
{
int header_s = sizeof(struct dns_header);
int question_s = question->length + sizeof(question->qtype) + sizeof(question->qclass);
int length = question_s + header_s;
int offset = 0;
memcpy(request + offset, header, sizeof(struct dns_header));
offset += sizeof(struct dns_header);
memcpy(request + offset, question->qname, question->length);
offset += question->length;
memcpy(request + offset, &question->qtype, sizeof(question->qtype));
offset += sizeof(question->qtype);
memcpy(request + offset, &question->qclass, sizeof(question->qclass));
return length;
}
static int is_pointer(int in)
{
return ((in & 0xC0) == 0xC0);
}
static void dns_parse_name(unsigned char *chunk, unsigned char *ptr, char *out, int *len)
{
int flag = 0, n = 0, alen = 0;
char *pos = out + (*len);
while (1)
{
flag = (int)ptr[0];
if (flag == 0)
break;
if (is_pointer(flag))
{
n = (int)ptr[1];
ptr = chunk + n;
dns_parse_name(chunk, ptr, out, len);
break;
}
else
{
ptr++;
memcpy(pos, ptr, flag);
pos += flag;
ptr += flag;
*len += flag;
if ((int)ptr[0] != 0)
{
memcpy(pos, ".", 1);
pos += 1;
(*len) += 1;
}
}
}
}
static int dns_parse_response(char *buffer, struct dns_item **domains)
{
int i = 0;
unsigned char *ptr = buffer;
ptr += 4;
int querys = ntohs(*(unsigned short *)ptr);
ptr += 2;
int answers = ntohs(*(unsigned short *)ptr);
ptr += 6;
for (i = 0; i < querys; i++)
{
while (1)
{
int flag = (int)ptr[0];
ptr += (flag + 1);
if (flag == 0)
break;
}
ptr += 4;
}
char cname[128], aname[128], ip[20], netip[4];
int len, type, ttl, datalen;
int cnt = 0;
struct dns_item *list = (struct dns_item *)calloc(answers, sizeof(struct dns_item));
if (list == NULL)
{
return -1;
}
for (i = 0; i < answers; i++)
{
bzero(aname, sizeof(aname));
len = 0;
dns_parse_name(buffer, ptr, aname, &len);
ptr += 2;
type = htons(*(unsigned short *)ptr);
ptr += 4;
ttl = htons(*(unsigned short *)ptr);
ptr += 4;
datalen = ntohs(*(unsigned short *)ptr);
ptr += 2;
if (type == DNS_CNAME)
{
bzero(cname, sizeof(cname));
len = 0;
dns_parse_name(buffer, ptr, cname, &len);
ptr += datalen;
}
else if (type == DNS_HOST)
{
bzero(ip, sizeof(ip));
if (datalen == 4)
{
memcpy(netip, ptr, datalen);
inet_ntop(AF_INET, netip, ip, sizeof(struct sockaddr));
printf("%s has address %s\n", aname, ip);
printf("\tTime to live: %d minutes , %d seconds\n", ttl / 60, ttl % 60);
list[cnt].domain = (char *)calloc(strlen(aname) + 1, 1);
memcpy(list[cnt].domain, aname, strlen(aname));
list[cnt].ip = (char *)calloc(strlen(ip) + 1, 1);
memcpy(list[cnt].ip, ip, strlen(ip));
cnt++;
}
ptr += datalen;
}
}
*domains = list;
ptr += 2;
return cnt;
}
int dns_client_commit(const char *domain)
{
int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if (sockfd < 0)
{
perror("create socket failed\n");
exit(-1);
}
printf("url:%s\n", domain);
struct sockaddr_in dest;
bzero(&dest, sizeof(dest));
dest.sin_family = AF_INET;
dest.sin_port = htons(53);
dest.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(DNS_SVR);
int ret = connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&dest, sizeof(dest));
printf("connect :%d\n", ret);
struct dns_header header = {0};
dns_create_header(&header);
struct dns_question question = {0};
dns_create_question(&question, domain);
char request[1024] = {0};
int req_len = dns_build_request(&header, &question, request);
int slen = sendto(sockfd, request, req_len, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&dest, sizeof(struct sockaddr));
char buffer[1024] = {0};
struct sockaddr_in addr;
size_t addr_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
int n = recvfrom(sockfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, (socklen_t *)&addr_len);
printf("recvfrom n : %d\n", n);
struct dns_item *domains = NULL;
dns_parse_response(buffer, &domains);
return 0;
}
char *domain[] = {
"www.baidu.com",
"tieba.baidu.com",
"news.baidu.com",
"zhidao.baidu.com",
"music.baidu.com",
"image.baidu.com",
"v.baidu.com",
"map.baidu.com",
"baijiahao.baidu.com",
"xueshu.baidu.com",
"cloud.baidu.com",
"www.163.com",
"open.163.com",
"auto.163.com",
"gov.163.com",
"money.163.com",
"sports.163.com",
"tech.163.com",
"edu.163.com",
"www.taobao.com",
"q.taobao.com",
"sf.taobao.com",
"yun.taobao.com",
"baoxian.taobao.com",
"www.tmall.com",
"suning.tmall.com",
"www.tencent.com",
"www.qq.com",
"www.aliyun.com",
"www.ctrip.com",
"hotels.ctrip.com",
"hotels.ctrip.com",
"vacations.ctrip.com",
"flights.ctrip.com",
"trains.ctrip.com",
"bus.ctrip.com",
"car.ctrip.com",
"piao.ctrip.com",
"tuan.ctrip.com",
"you.ctrip.com",
"g.ctrip.com",
"lipin.ctrip.com",
"ct.ctrip.com"};
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int count = sizeof(domain) / sizeof(domain[0]);
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
dns_client_commit(domain[i]);
}
}
king式四元组
- commit 提交请求
- thread_callback 线程回调函数的实现
- init_ctx 初始化
- destroy
异步实现DNS请求
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#define DNS_SVR "114.114.114.114"
#define ASYNC_CLIENT_NUM 1024
#define DNS_HOST 0x01
#define DNS_CNAME 0x05
struct dns_header
{
unsigned short id;
unsigned short flags;
unsigned short qdcount;
unsigned short ancount;
unsigned short nscount;
unsigned short arcount;
};
struct dns_question
{
int length;
unsigned short qtype;
unsigned short qclass;
char *qname;
};
struct dns_item
{
char *domain;
char *ip;
};
struct async_context
{
int epfd;
pthread_t thid;
};
typedef void (*async_result_cb)(struct dns_item *list, int count);
struct ep_arg
{
int sockfd;
async_result_cb cb;
};
static int set_block(int fd, int block)
{
int flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
if (flags < 0)
return flags;
if (block)
{
flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
}
else
{
flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
}
if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
return -1;
return 0;
}
static void dns_async_client_result_callback(struct dns_item *list, int count)
{
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
printf("name:%s, ip:%s\n", list[i].domain, list[i].ip);
}
}
int dns_create_header(struct dns_header *header)
{
if (header == NULL)
return -1;
memset(header, 0, sizeof(struct dns_header));
srandom(time(NULL));
header->id = random();
header->flags |= htons(0x0100);
header->qdcount = htons(1);
return 0;
}
int dns_create_question(struct dns_question *question, const char *hostname)
{
if (question == NULL)
return -1;
memset(question, 0, sizeof(struct dns_question));
question->qname = (char *)malloc(strlen(hostname) + 2);
if (question->qname == NULL)
return -2;
question->length = strlen(hostname) + 2;
question->qtype = htons(1);
question->qclass = htons(1);
const char delim[2] = ".";
char *hostname_dup = strdup(hostname);
char *token = strtok(hostname_dup, delim);
char *qname_p = question->qname;
while (token != NULL)
{
size_t len = strlen(token);
*qname_p = len;
qname_p++;
strncpy(qname_p, token, len + 1);
qname_p += len;
token = strtok(NULL, delim);
}
free(hostname_dup);
return 0;
}
int dns_build_request(struct dns_header *header, struct dns_question *question, char *request)
{
int header_s = sizeof(struct dns_header);
int question_s = question->length + sizeof(question->qtype) + sizeof(question->qclass);
int length = question_s + header_s;
int offset = 0;
memcpy(request + offset, header, sizeof(struct dns_header));
offset += sizeof(struct dns_header);
memcpy(request + offset, question->qname, question->length);
offset += question->length;
memcpy(request + offset, &question->qtype, sizeof(question->qtype));
offset += sizeof(question->qtype);
memcpy(request + offset, &question->qclass, sizeof(question->qclass));
return length;
}
static int is_pointer(int in)
{
return ((in & 0xC0) == 0xC0);
}
static void dns_parse_name(unsigned char *chunk, unsigned char *ptr, char *out, int *len)
{
int flag = 0, n = 0, alen = 0;
char *pos = out + (*len);
while (1)
{
flag = (int)ptr[0];
if (flag == 0)
break;
if (is_pointer(flag))
{
n = (int)ptr[1];
ptr = chunk + n;
dns_parse_name(chunk, ptr, out, len);
break;
}
else
{
ptr++;
memcpy(pos, ptr, flag);
pos += flag;
ptr += flag;
*len += flag;
if ((int)ptr[0] != 0)
{
memcpy(pos, ".", 1);
pos += 1;
(*len) += 1;
}
}
}
}
static int dns_parse_response(char *buffer, struct dns_item **domains)
{
int i = 0;
unsigned char *ptr = buffer;
ptr += 4;
int querys = ntohs(*(unsigned short *)ptr);
ptr += 2;
int answers = ntohs(*(unsigned short *)ptr);
ptr += 6;
for (i = 0; i < querys; i++)
{
while (1)
{
int flag = (int)ptr[0];
ptr += (flag + 1);
if (flag == 0)
break;
}
ptr += 4;
}
char cname[128], aname[128], ip[20], netip[4];
int len, type, ttl, datalen;
int cnt = 0;
struct dns_item *list = (struct dns_item *)calloc(answers, sizeof(struct dns_item));
if (list == NULL)
{
return -1;
}
for (i = 0; i < answers; i++)
{
bzero(aname, sizeof(aname));
len = 0;
dns_parse_name(buffer, ptr, aname, &len);
ptr += 2;
type = htons(*(unsigned short *)ptr);
ptr += 4;
ttl = htons(*(unsigned short *)ptr);
ptr += 4;
datalen = ntohs(*(unsigned short *)ptr);
ptr += 2;
if (type == DNS_CNAME)
{
bzero(cname, sizeof(cname));
len = 0;
dns_parse_name(buffer, ptr, cname, &len);
ptr += datalen;
}
else if (type == DNS_HOST)
{
bzero(ip, sizeof(ip));
if (datalen == 4)
{
memcpy(netip, ptr, datalen);
inet_ntop(AF_INET, netip, ip, sizeof(struct sockaddr));
printf("%s has address %s\n", aname, ip);
printf("\tTime to live: %d minutes , %d seconds\n", ttl / 60, ttl % 60);
list[cnt].domain = (char *)calloc(strlen(aname) + 1, 1);
memcpy(list[cnt].domain, aname, strlen(aname));
list[cnt].ip = (char *)calloc(strlen(ip) + 1, 1);
memcpy(list[cnt].ip, ip, strlen(ip));
cnt++;
}
ptr += datalen;
}
}
*domains = list;
ptr += 2;
return cnt;
}
int dns_client_commit(const char *domain)
{
int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if (sockfd < 0)
{
perror("create socket failed\n");
exit(-1);
}
printf("url:%s\n", domain);
struct sockaddr_in dest;
bzero(&dest, sizeof(dest));
dest.sin_family = AF_INET;
dest.sin_port = htons(53);
dest.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(DNS_SVR);
int ret = connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&dest, sizeof(dest));
printf("connect :%d\n", ret);
struct dns_header header = {0};
dns_create_header(&header);
struct dns_question question = {0};
dns_create_question(&question, domain);
char request[1024] = {0};
int req_len = dns_build_request(&header, &question, request);
int slen = sendto(sockfd, request, req_len, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&dest, sizeof(struct sockaddr));
char buffer[1024] = {0};
struct sockaddr_in addr;
size_t addr_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
int n = recvfrom(sockfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, (socklen_t *)&addr_len);
printf("recvfrom n : %d\n", n);
struct dns_item *domains = NULL;
dns_parse_response(buffer, &domains);
return 0;
}
char *domain[] = {
"www.baidu.com",
"tieba.baidu.com",
"news.baidu.com",
"zhidao.baidu.com",
"music.baidu.com",
"image.baidu.com",
"v.baidu.com",
"map.baidu.com",
"baijiahao.baidu.com",
"xueshu.baidu.com",
"cloud.baidu.com",
"www.163.com",
"open.163.com",
"auto.163.com",
"gov.163.com",
"money.163.com",
"sports.163.com",
"tech.163.com",
"edu.163.com",
"www.taobao.com",
"q.taobao.com",
"sf.taobao.com",
"yun.taobao.com",
"baoxian.taobao.com",
"www.tmall.com",
"suning.tmall.com",
"www.tencent.com",
"www.qq.com",
"www.aliyun.com",
"www.ctrip.com",
"hotels.ctrip.com",
"hotels.ctrip.com",
"vacations.ctrip.com",
"flights.ctrip.com",
"trains.ctrip.com",
"bus.ctrip.com",
"car.ctrip.com",
"piao.ctrip.com",
"tuan.ctrip.com",
"you.ctrip.com",
"g.ctrip.com",
"lipin.ctrip.com",
"ct.ctrip.com"};
void dns_async_client_free_domains(struct dns_item *list, int count)
{
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
free(list[i].domain);
free(list[i].ip);
}
free(list);
}
int dns_async_client_destroy(struct async_context *ctx)
{
if (ctx == NULL)
return -1;
pthread_cancel(ctx->thid);
close(ctx->epfd);
return 0;
}
static void *dns_saync_callback_func(void *arg)
{
struct async_context *ctx = (struct async_context *)arg;
int epfd = ctx->epfd;
while (1)
{
struct epoll_event events[ASYNC_CLIENT_NUM] = {0};
int nready = epoll_wait(epfd, events, ASYNC_CLIENT_NUM, -1);
if (nready < 0)
{
if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
{
continue;
}
else
{
break;
}
}
else if (nready == 0)
{
continue;
}
printf("nready:%d\n", nready);
int i = 0;
for(i = 0;i < nready;i++)
{
struct ep_arg *data = (struct ep_arg *)events[i].data.ptr;
int sockfd = data->sockfd;
char buffer[1024] = {0};
struct sockaddr_in addr;
size_t addr_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
int n = recvfrom(sockfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, (socklen_t *)&addr_len);
struct dns_item *domain_list = NULL;
int count = dns_parse_response(buffer, &domain_list);
data->cb(domain_list, count);
int ret = epoll_ctl(epfd,EPOLL_CTL_DEL,sockfd,NULL);
close(sockfd);
dns_async_client_free_domains(domain_list, count);
free(data);
}
}
}
int dns_async_client_commit(struct async_context *ctx, const char *domain, async_result_cb cb)
{
int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if (sockfd < 0)
{
perror("create socket failed\n");
exit(-1);
}
printf("url:%s\n", domain);
set_block(sockfd, 0);
struct sockaddr_in dest;
bzero(&dest, sizeof(dest));
dest.sin_family = AF_INET;
dest.sin_port = htons(53);
dest.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(DNS_SVR);
int ret = connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&dest, sizeof(dest));
struct dns_header header = {0};
dns_create_header(&header);
struct dns_question question = {0};
dns_create_question(&question, domain);
char request[1024] = {0};
int req_len = dns_build_request(&header, &question, request);
int slen = sendto(sockfd, request, req_len, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&dest, sizeof(struct sockaddr));
struct ep_arg *eparg = (struct ep_arg *)malloc(sizeof(struct ep_arg));
if (eparg == NULL)
return -1;
eparg->sockfd = sockfd;
eparg->cb = cb;
struct epoll_event ev;
ev.data.ptr = eparg;
ev.events = EPOLLIN;
ret = epoll_ctl(ctx->epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sockfd, &ev);
return ret;
}
int dns_async_client_init(struct async_context *ctx)
{
if (ctx == NULL)
return -1;
ctx->epfd = epoll_create(1);
pthread_t thread_id;
int ret = pthread_create(&thread_id, NULL, dns_saync_callback_func, ctx);
if (ret)
{
perror("pthread_create");
return -1;
}
ctx->thid = thread_id;
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
struct async_context *ctx = (struct async_context *)malloc(sizeof(struct async_context));
dns_async_client_init(ctx);
int count = sizeof(domain) / sizeof(domain[0]);
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
dns_async_client_commit(ctx, domain[i], dns_async_client_result_callback);
}
getchar();
}