New Words From －－ Microsoft Windows Internals 4th Edition

1. Dedication , To Dave Cutler, father of the Windows kernel  // 献词
2. Historical Perspective : Again I find myself indebted to David Solomon and Mark Russinovich for providing the opportunity to write a few words about their newest edition to a series of books on Windows Internals .  // internal 可以做adj，也可以n，注意区分intern 
3. It has been over three years since the last publication in this series, and this passage
   of time has seen two major releases
4. Two of the growing problems faced by the authors of a book such as this are tracing the implementation evolution of the Microsoft Windows NT system and documenting the way in which feature implementation has changed in each version. To this end, the authors have done a remarkable job of providing examples and  explanations throughout the book.
5. Since that time, he has been involved with operating system development and teaching operating system internals
6. I met Mark Russinovich more recently but have been aware of his expertise in the area of operating systems for some time. He has done some amazing work，such as his NTFS file system running on Microsoft Windows 98 and his “live” Windows kernel debugger
7. The beginnings of Windows NT started in October 1988 with a set of goals to produce a portable system that addressed OS/2 compatibility, security, POSIX, multiprocessing, integrated networking, and reliability . With the advent and huge success of Windows 3.0, the system goals were soon changed to natively address Windows compatibility directly and move OS/2 compatibility to a subsystem. // 定位于
8. The first release of Windows NT was larger and slower than expected, so the next major push was a project called Daytona, named after the speedway in Florida. The main goals for this release were to reduce the size of the system, increase the speed of the system, and, of course, to make it more reliable . Six onths after the release of Windows NT 3.5 in the fall of 1994, we released Windows NT 3.51  //  工作； 以什么命名
9. The goal for the next version of Windows NT was to update the user interface to be compatible with Windows 95 and to incorporate the Cairo technologies that had been under development at Microsoft for a couple of years.
10. Windows 2000 took three and a half years to produce and was the most tested and tuned version of Windows NT technology produced at the time. Windows 2000 was the culmination of over eleven years of development spanning implementations on four architectures.// over eleven years of development spanning 时间状语，加在了 culmination of implementations 中间
11. At the end of Windows 2000 development, we embarked on an ambitious plan to implement new versions of the client and server systems
12. As plans developed, it became clear that implementation of the server features would cause a lag in the implementation of the client features, and therefore, the releases were split .
13. In addition to the Intel x86 architecture, these systems contained support for the Intel IA-64
14. it offers a glimpse into the future of Windows’ move to 64-bit computing ， and this book contains many insights into the implementation details of the x64 system
15. The x64 architecture is the beginning of a new era for Windows NT at a time when the x86 architecture is beginning to show signs of old age. This architecture offers 32-bit x86 compatibility at speed to protect legacy software investments, and provides 64-bit addressing capability to address the most ambitious of  new applications. This will protect 32-bit software investments while providing Windows NT with a breath of new life well into the next decade and beyond.
16. Although the Windows NT system has undergone several name changes over the past several years, it remains entirely based on the original Windows NT code base. As time has marched on and invention has thrived , the implementation of many internal features has changed significantly . The authors have done a laudable job of assimilating the details of the Windows NT code base and its differing implementations from  release to release and platform to platform