文章目录
1. 函数HAL_Init()
/**
* @brief This function is used to initialize the HAL Library; it must be the first
* instruction to be executed in the main program (before to call any other
* HAL function), it performs the following:
* Configures the SysTick to generate an interrupt each 1 millisecond,
* which is clocked by the HSI (at this stage, the clock is not yet
* configured and thus the system is running from the internal HSI at 16 MHz).
* Set NVIC Group Priority to 4.
* Calls the HAL_MspInit() callback function defined in user file
* "stm32h7xx_hal_msp.c" to do the global low level hardware initialization
*
* @note SysTick is used as time base for the HAL_Delay() function, the application
* need to ensure that the SysTick time base is always set to 1 millisecond
* to have correct HAL operation.
* @retval HAL status
*/
HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_Init(void)
{
uint32_t common_system_clock;
#if defined(DUAL_CORE) && defined(CORE_CM4)
/* Configure Cortex-M4 Instruction cache through ART accelerator */
__HAL_RCC_ART_CLK_ENABLE(); /* Enable the Cortex-M4 ART Clock */
__HAL_ART_CONFIG_BASE_ADDRESS(0x08100000UL); /* Configure the Cortex-M4 ART Base address to the Flash Bank 2 : */
__HAL_ART_ENABLE(); /* Enable the Cortex-M4 ART */
#endif /* DUAL_CORE && CORE_CM4 */
/* Set Interrupt Group Priority */
HAL_NVIC_SetPriorityGrouping(NVIC_PRIORITYGROUP_4);
/* Update the SystemCoreClock global variable */
#if defined(RCC_D1CFGR_D1CPRE)
common_system_clock = HAL_RCC_GetSysClockFreq() >> ((D1CorePrescTable[(RCC->D1CFGR & RCC_D1CFGR_D1CPRE)>> RCC_D1CFGR_D1CPRE_Pos]) & 0x1FU);
#else
common_system_clock = HAL_RCC_GetSysClockFreq() >> ((D1CorePrescTable[(RCC->CDCFGR1 & RCC_CDCFGR1_CDCPRE)>> RCC_CDCFGR1_CDCPRE_Pos]) & 0x1FU);
#endif
/* Update the SystemD2Clock global variable */
#if defined(RCC_D1CFGR_HPRE)
SystemD2Clock = (common_system_clock >> ((D1CorePrescTable[(RCC->D1CFGR & RCC_D1CFGR_HPRE)>> RCC_D1CFGR_HPRE_Pos]) & 0x1FU));
#else
SystemD2Clock = (common_system_clock >> ((D1CorePrescTable[(RCC->CDCFGR1 & RCC_CDCFGR1_HPRE)>> RCC_CDCFGR1_HPRE_Pos]) & 0x1FU));
#endif
#if defined(DUAL_CORE) && defined(CORE_CM4)
SystemCoreClock = SystemD2Clock;
#else
SystemCoreClock = common_system_clock;
#endif /* DUAL_CORE && CORE_CM4 */
/* Use systick as time base source and configure 1ms tick (default clock after Reset is HSI) */
if(HAL_InitTick(TICK_INT_PRIORITY) != HAL_OK)
{
return HAL_ERROR;
}
/* Init the low level hardware */
HAL_MspInit();
/* Return function status */
return HAL_OK;
}
1.1 函数描述:
此函数用于初始化HAL库,此函数主要实现如下功能:
- ◆ 设置NVIC优先级分组是4。
- ◆ 设置滴答定时器的每1ms中断一次。
- ◆ HAL库不像之前的标准库,在系统启动函数SystemInit里面做了RCC初始化,HAL库是没有做的,所以进入到main函数后,系统还在用内部高速时钟HSI,对于H7来说,HSI主频是64MHz。
- ◆ 函数HAL_Init里面调用的HAL_MspInit一般在文件stm32h7xx_hal_msp.c里面做具体实现,主要用于底层初始化。当前此函数也在文件stm32h7xx_hal.c里面,只是做了弱定义。
1.2 函数参数:
- ◆ 返回值,返回HAL_ERROR表示参数错误,HAL_OK表示发送成功,HAL_BUSY表示忙,正在使用中。
1.3 注意事项:
- 必须在main函数里面优先调用此函数。
- 用户务必保证每1ms一次滴答中断。
- 关于优先级分组的设置
2. 函数HAL_DeInit()
/**
* @brief This function de-Initializes common part of the HAL and stops the systick.
* This function is optional.
* @retval HAL status
*/
HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_DeInit(void)
{
/* Reset of all peripherals */
__HAL_RCC_AHB3_FORCE_RESET();
__HAL_RCC_AHB3_RELEASE_RESET();
__HAL_RCC_AHB1_FORCE_RESET();
__HAL_RCC_AHB1_RELEASE_RESET();
__HAL_RCC_AHB2_FORCE_RESET();
__HAL_RCC_AHB2_RELEASE_RESET();
__HAL_RCC_AHB4_FORCE_RESET();
__HAL_RCC_AHB4_RELEASE_RESET();
__HAL_RCC_APB3_FORCE_RESET();
__HAL_RCC_APB3_RELEASE_RESET();
__HAL_RCC_APB1L_FORCE_RESET();
__HAL_RCC_APB1L_RELEASE_RESET();
__HAL_RCC_APB1H_FORCE_RESET();
__HAL_RCC_APB1H_RELEASE_RESET();
__HAL_RCC_APB2_FORCE_RESET();
__HAL_RCC_APB2_RELEASE_RESET();
__HAL_RCC_APB4_FORCE_RESET();
__HAL_RCC_APB4_RELEASE_RESET();
/* De-Init the low level hardware */
HAL_MspDeInit();
/* Return function status */
return HAL_OK;
}
2.1 函数描述:
此函数用于复位HAL库和滴答时钟。
- ◆ 复位了AHB1,2,3,4的时钟以及APB1L,APB1H,APB2,3,4的时钟。
- ◆ 函数HAL_DeInit里面调用的HAL_MspDeInit一般在文件stm32h7xx_hal_msp.c里面做具体实现,主要用于底层初始化,跟函数HAL_Init里面调用的HAL_MspInit是一对。当前此函数也在文件stm32h7xx_hal.c里面,只是做了弱定义。
3. 函数 HAL_InitTick()
/**
* @brief This function configures the source of the time base.
* The time source is configured to have 1ms time base with a dedicated
* Tick interrupt priority.
* @note This function is called automatically at the beginning of program after
* reset by HAL_Init() or at any time when clock is reconfigured by HAL_RCC_ClockConfig().
* @note In the default implementation, SysTick timer is the source of time base.
* It is used to generate interrupts at regular time intervals.
* Care must be taken if HAL_Delay() is called from a peripheral ISR process,
* The the SysTick interrupt must have higher priority (numerically lower)
* than the peripheral interrupt. Otherwise the caller ISR process will be blocked.
* The function is declared as __weak to be overwritten in case of other
* implementation in user file.
* @param TickPriority: Tick interrupt priority.
* @retval HAL status
*/
__weak HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_InitTick(uint32_t TickPriority)
{
/* Check uwTickFreq for MisraC 2012 (even if uwTickFreq is a enum type that don't take the value zero)*/
if((uint32_t)uwTickFreq == 0UL)
{
return HAL_ERROR;
}
/* Configure the SysTick to have interrupt in 1ms time basis*/
if (HAL_SYSTICK_Config(SystemCoreClock / (1000UL / (uint32_t)uwTickFreq)) > 0U)
{
return HAL_ERROR;
}
/* Configure the SysTick IRQ priority */
if (TickPriority < (1UL << __NVIC_PRIO_BITS))
{
HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(SysTick_IRQn, TickPriority, 0U);
uwTickPrio = TickPriority;
}
else
{
return HAL_ERROR;
}
/* Return function status */
return HAL_OK;
}
3.1 函数描述:
此函数用于初始化滴答时钟,此函数相关问题如下:
- ◆ 此函数有个前缀__weak ,表示弱定义,用户可以重定义。
- ◆ 此函数用于初始化滴答时钟1ms中断一次,并且为滴答中断配置一个用户指定的优先级。
- ◆ 此函数由HAL_Init调用,或者任何其它地方调用函数HAL_RCC_ClockConfig配置RCC的时候也会调用HAL_InitTick。
- ◆ 调用基于此函数实现的HAL_Delay要特别注意,因为这个函数的时间基准是基于滴答定时器或者其他通用定时器实现,实现方式是滴答定时器或者其他通用定时器里面做了个变量计数。如此一来,结果是显而易见的,如果其他中断服务程序调用了此函数,且中断优先级高于滴答定时器,会导致滴答定时器中断服务程序一直得不到执行,从而卡死在里面。所以滴答定时器的中断优先级一定要比它们高。
3.2 函数参数:
- ◆ 形参TickPriority用于设置滴答定时器优先级。
- ◆ 返回值,返回HAL_ERROR表示参数错误,HAL_OK表示发送成功,HAL_BUSY表示忙,正在使用中。
3.3 使用举例:
此函数由HAL_Init调用,无需用户操作,除非需要重定义。
4. Systick的相关函数
调用了函数 HAL_Init后,Systick相关的函数就可以使用了 。这些函数如下:
4.1 函数原型:
__weak void HAL_IncTick(void)
__weak uint32_t HAL_GetTick(void)
uint32_t HAL_GetTickPrio(void)
HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_ SetTickFreq(HAL_TickFreqTypeDef Freq)
HAL_TickFreqTypeDef HAL_GetTickFreq(void)
__weak void HAL_Delay(uint32_t)
__weak void HAL_SuspendTick(void)
__weak void HAL_ResumeTick(void)
4.2 函数描述:
这些函数实现的功能做个简单的说明:
- ◆ 函数HAL_IncTick在滴答定时器中断里面被调用,实现一个简单的计数功能,因为一般滴答定时器中断都是配置的1ms,所以计数全局变量uwTick每毫秒加1。
- ◆ 函数HAL_GetTick用于获取全局变量uwTick当前的计数。
- ◆ 函数HAL_GetTickPrio用于获取滴答时钟优先级。
- ◆ 函数HAL_SetTickFreq和HAL_GetTickFreq是一对,前者用于设置滴答中断频率,后再用于获取滴答中断频率。
- ◆ 函数HAL_Delay用于阻塞式延迟,默认单位是ms。
- ◆ 函数HAL_SuspendTick和HAL_ResumeTick是一对,前者用于挂起滴答定时器,后者用于恢复。 注意事项:
- ◆ 函数有个前缀__weak ,表示弱定义,用户可以重定义。