一、工厂机制
1.1 使用步骤
①定义
②注册
③创建
class comp1 extends uvm_component;//父类为component
`uvm_component_utils(comp1)//1.把该类注册到工厂中
function new(string name = "comp1", uvm_component parent = null);//name和parent
super.new(name, parent);//继承父类的new
$display($sformatf("%s is created", name);
endfunction: new
function void build_phase(uvm_phase phase);
super.build_phase(phase);
endfunction:build_phase
endclass
class obj1 extends uvm_object;//父类为object
`uvm_object_utils(obj1);//1.把该类注册到工厂中
function new(string name = "obj1");//name
super.new(name);
$display($sformatf("%s is created", name);
endfunction:new
endclass
comp1 c1, c2;
obj1 o1,o2;
initial begin
c1 = new("c1");
o1 = new("o1");
c2 = comp1::type_id::create("c2",null);//创建
o2 = obj1::type_id::create("o2");
end
1.2 um_coreservice_t类
●唯一的uvm_factory, 该组件用来注册、覆盖和例化
●全局的report_server, 该组件用来做消息统筹和报告
●全局的tr_database, 该组件用来记录transaction记录
●get_root()方法用来返回当前UVM环境的结构顶层对象
通过uvm_coreservice_t将最重要的机制(也是必须做统一例化处理的组件)都放置在了uvm_coreserice_t类中。
1.3 factory创建component、object实例的方法
trans t3;
uvm_factory f = uvm_factory::get();
//create_object_by_type (uvm_object_wrapper requested_type,
// string parent_inst_path="",
// string name="");
void'($cast(t3,f.create_object_by_type(trans::get_type(),get_full_name(),"t3")));
1.4 UVM创建component、object实例的方法
//create_object (string requested_type_name,
// string name="");
void'($cast(t4,create_object("trans","t4")));
1.5 T::type_id::create()
//trans::type_id::create(string name, uvm_component parent = null);
trans::type_id::create("t",this);
二、覆盖方法
覆盖发生时，可以使用“类型覆盖”或者“实例覆盖”
●类型覆盖指，UVM层次结构下的所有原有类型都被覆盖类型所替换。
●实例覆盖指，在某些位置中的原有类型会被覆盖类型所替换。
2.1 set_type_override(): 类型覆盖
comp1::type_id::set_type_override(comp2::get_type());
// function void set_type_override_by_type
// (uvm_object_wrapper original_type,
// uvm_object_wrapper override_type,
// bit replace=1)
set_type_override_by_type(trans::get_type(),bad_trans::get_type(),1);
// replace unit type with big type with method
// function void set_type_override(string original_type_name,
// string override_type_name,
// bit replace=1);
set_type_override("uint","big_uint");
2.2 set_inst_override(): 实例覆盖
comp1::type_id::set_inst_override(comp2::get_type(),{parent.get_full_name(),'.',inst_path});
关键点：com2继承com1，要覆盖的方法，父类需要加virtual
先覆盖，在例化
层次越高，覆盖的优先级越高
module factory_override;
import uvm_pkg::*;//要使用UVM，必须要import
`include "uvm_macros.svh"
class comp1 extends uvm_component;//1.定义
`uvm_component_utils(comp1)//2.注册
function new(string name="comp1",uvm_component parent = null);
super.new(name);
$display($sformatf("comp1:: %s is created",name));
endfunction:new
virtual function void hello(string name);
$display($sformatf("comp1:: %s said hello",name));
endfunction
endclass
class comp2 extends comp1;//1.定义
`uvm_component_utils(comp2)//2.注册
function new(string name="comp2",uvm_component parent = null);
super.new(name);
$display($sformatf("comp2:: %s is created",name));
endfunction:new
virtual function void hello(string name);
$display($sformatf("comp2:: %s said hello",name));
endfunction
endclass
comp1 c1,c2;
initial begin
comp1::type_id::set_type_override(comp2::get_type());//comp2覆盖了comp1
c1 = new("c1");
c2 = comp1::type_id::create("c2",null);//3.创建：类型覆盖
c1.hello("c1");//调用c1的函数
c2.hello("c2");//调用c2的函数
endmodule
三、核心基类 uvm_object
3.1 field_automation机制
- UVM通过域的自动化，使得用户在注册UVM类的同时也可以声明今后会参与到对象拷贝、克隆、打印等操作的成员变量。
- 用户需要考虑哪些成员变量在注册UVM类( “uvm_{component, object}_utils) 的时候，也一并将它们归置到对应的域列表中，以便为稍后的域方法提供可以自动实现的基础。
3.1.1 注册数据类型相关的宏
`uvm_field_int(a, UVM_ALL_ON)
`uvm_field_real(a, UVM_HIGH)
`uvm_field_enum(T, a, UVM_LOW)
`uvm_field_object(a, UVM_ALL_ON)
`uvm_field_event(a, UVM_ALL_ON)
`uvm_field_string(a, UVM_ALL_ON)
`uvm_field_array_int(a, UVM_ALL_ON)
`uvm_field_array_string(a, UVM_ALL_ON)
`uvm_field_array_object(a, UVM_ALL_ON)
`uvm_field_array_enum(a, UVM_ALL_ON)
....P70
3.1.2 提供函数
- void copy(uvm_object rhs); //B.copy(A); A实例复制到B实例中
- uvm_object clone();//$cast(B, A.clone());无法用于component类
- bit compare(uvm_object rhs, uvm_comparer comparer = null);//A.compare(B);
- A.print();
- pack/unpack; pack_bytes/unpack_bytes; pack_int/unpack_int//打包成数据流和恢复到某个类的实例中
3.1.2.1 copy
class box extends uvm_object;
int volume = 120 ;
color_t color = WHITE ;
string name = "box" ;
//域自动化
`uvm_object_utils_begin(box)
`uvm_field_int (volume, UVM_ALL_ON)//数据操作
`uvm_field_enum(color_t,color, UVM_ALL_ON)
`uvm_field_string(name, UVM_ALL_ON)
uvm_object_utils_end
endclass
box b1, b2 ;
initial begin
b1 = box::type_id::create("box1");
b1.volume = 80;
b1.color = BLACK; .
b2 = new();
b2.copy(b1);//UVM自动实现
b2.name = "box2";
end
3.1.2.2 copy和clone
copy: 创建好了对象，只copy数据
clone：先创建对象，再copy，并返回句柄
class ball extends uvm_ object ;
int diameter = 10;
color_t color = RED;
`uvm_object_utils_begin(ball)
`uvm_field_int(diameter, UVM_DEFAULT)
`uvm_field_enum(color_t, color, UVM_NOCOPY)//不copy
uvm_object_utils_end
function void do_copy(uvm_object_rhs);//copy的回调函数
ball b;
$cast(b, rhs) ;
$display ("ba11::do_copy entered. .") ;
if(b.diameter <= 20) diameter = 20;
endfunction
endclass
class box extends uvm_object;
int volume = 120 ;
color_t color = WHITE ;
string name = "box" ;
ball b;
`uvm_object_utils_begin (box)
`uvm_field_int(volume, UVM_ALL_ON)
`uvm_field_enum(color_t, color, UVM_ALL_ON)
`uvm_field_string(name, UVM_ALL_ON)
`uvm_field_object(b, UVM_ALL_ON)
uvm_object_utils_end
endclass
box b1，b2 ;
initial begin
b1 = new ("box1") ;
b1.volume = 80 ;
b1.color = BLACK;
b1.b.color = WHITE ;
b2 = new() ;
b2.copy(b1) ;
b2.name = "box2";
$display ("%s", b1.sprint()) ;
$display("%s", b2.sprint()) ;
end
3.1.2.3 compare
class box extends uvm_object;
int volume = 120;
color_t color = WHITE;
string name = "box" ;
`uvm_object_utils_begin(box)
...
uvm_object_utils_end
endclass
box b1, b2 ;
initial begin
b1 = new("box1") ;
b1.volume = 80;
b1.color = BLACK;
b2 = new ("box2") ;
b2.volume = 90;
uvm_default_comparer.show_max = 10;//比较10个
if (!b2.compare(b1)) begin
`uvm_info("COMPARE","b2 comapred with b1 failure", UVM_LOW)
end
else begin
`uvm_info("COMPARE","b2 comapred with b1 succes", UVM_LOW)
end
end
//comparer的回调函数
function bit do_compare(uvm_object rhs, uvm_comparer comparer);
trans t;
do_compare = 1;
void'($cast(t, rhs));
if(addr != t.addr) begin
do_compare = 0;
`uvm_warning("CMPERR", $sformatf("addr %8x != %8x", addr, t.addr))
end
if(data != t.data) begin
do_compare = 0;
`uvm_warning("CMPERR", $sformatf("data %8x != %8x", data, t.data))
end
if(op != t.op) begin
do_compare = 0;
`uvm_warning("CMPERR", $sformatf("op %s != %8x", op, t.op))
end
if(addr != t.addr) begin
do_compare = 0;
`uvm_warning("CMPERR", $sformatf("name %8x != %8x", name, t.name))
end
endfunction
3.1.2.4 print
class box extends uvm_ object ;
int volume = 120 ;
color_t color = WHITE;
string name = "box" ;
`uvm_object_utils_begin(box)
...
endclass
box b1 ;
uvm_table_printer local_printer;//声明printer的句柄
initial begin
b1 = new("box1") ;
local_printer = new();//例化
$display ("default table printer format") ;
b1.print() ;//默认的table形式
$display ("default line printer format") ;
uvm_default_printer = uvm_default_line_printer ;//line形式，这些已经被例化了，不需要再例化了
b1.print() ;
$display ("default tree printer format") ;
uvm_default_printer = uvm_default_tree_printer ;//tree形式
b1.print() ;
$display ("customized printer format") ;
local_printer.knobs.full_name = 1 ;
b1.print(local_printer) ;//传入自己设定的打印规则
end
四、 phase机制
4.1 执行机制：自顶向下
4.2 run_phase
- 上电
- 复位
- 寄存器配置
- 发送主要测试内容
- 等待DUT完成测试
4.3 UVM编译和运行机制
4.4 运行UVM
+UVM_TESTNAME = <>来选择test
task run_test(string test_name = "");
uvm_root top;//唯一顶层
uvm_coreservice_t cs;
cs = uvm_coreservice_t::get();//获取coreservice全局唯一的实例
top = cs.get_root();//利用coreservice获取全局顶层
top.run_test(test_name);//运行
endtask
4.5 控制仿真退出 uvm_objection
仿真过程中，所有component和sequence都可以挂起objection，且至少要有一个组件将objection挂起，防止仿真退出
class test1 extends uvm_test ;
task run_phase(uvm_phase phase) ;
phase.raise_objection(this) ;//挂起当前组件，输入参数为this，run_phase以objection为主
uvm_info("run phase", "entered . ."，UVM_LOW)
#1us;
uvm_info("run_ phase", "exited . .", UVM_LOW)
phase.drop_objection(this);//落下当前组件
endtask
endclass
五、config机制
config机制用于参数传递
传递父类的句柄；转到子类void’($cast(dst,src))
传递参数类型保持一致
传递路径保持一致
5.1 uvm_config_db
- 传递interface到环境中
- 设置单一变量值，如int，string，enum
- 传递配置对象（config object）到环境
//顶层环境set，底层环境get
uvm_config_db#(T)::set(uvm_component cntxt, string inst_name, string feild_name,T value);//实例，实例的名字，实例对应的某个变量，值
uvm_config_db#(T)::get(uvm_component cntxt, string inst_name, string feild_name, inout T value);//set,get在组件里面使用
5.2 interface传递
interface intf1;
logic enable = 0;
endinterface
class comp1 extends uvm_component;
`uvm_component_utils(comp1)
virtual intf1 vif;//句柄
...//new
function void build_phase(uvm_phase phase);
if(!uvm_config_db#(virtual intf1)::get(this,"","vif",vif))begin
//#(virtual intf1):要传递的参数类型
//this: 当前的组件，comp1
//""：component里面的实例，这里面没有实例
//"vif"：变量名
//前三个变量共同得到路径uvm_root.test.c1.vif，从中拿到virtual intf1传递给vif
`uvm_error("GETVIF","no virtual interface is assigned")
end
`uvm_info("SETVAL",$sformatf("vif.enable is %b before set", vif.enable), UVM_LOW);
vif.enable = 1;
`uvm_info("SETVAL",$sformatf("vif.enable is %b after set", vif.enable), UVM_LOW);
endfunction
endclass
//顶层
class test1 extends uvm_test;
`uvm_component_utils(test1)
comp1 c1;
...
endclass
intf1 intf();//
initial begin
uvm_config_db#(virtual intf1)::set(uvm_root::get(), "uvm_test_top.c1", "vif",intf);//run_test之前，build_phase之前
//#(virtual intf1):要传递的参数类型
//uvm_root::get(): 传递一个uvm_root的句柄
//"uvm_test_top.c1"：实例，uvm_test_top下的c1
//"vif"：变量名
//intf:将这个指针存放在路径中
//前三个变量共同得到路径uvm_root.uvm_test_top.c1.vif，从中拿到virtual intf1传递给vif
run_test("test1") ;//root-test-c1
end
5.3 变量传递
5.4 object传递
要配置的参数多，且分属不同的组件，将每个组件的变量整合，放置到uvm_object中，再讲该对象进行传递
//将要传递的变量放到父类为object的类中
class config1 extends uvm_object ;
int val1 = 1;
int str1 = "null" ;
`uvm_object_utils(config1)
endclass
//底层
class comp1 extends uvm_component;
`uvm_component_utils(comp1)
config1 cfg;
function void build_phase (uvm_phase phase) ;
uvm_object tmp ;
uvm_config_db# (uvm_object)::get (this,"" ,"cfg", tmp) ;
void' ($cast(cfg, tmp));//父类句柄，转换为子类句柄调用值，也可以直接传递子类
`uvm_info ("SETVAL",$sformatf("cfg.va11 is %d after get", cfg.val1), UVM_LOW)
`uvm_info ("SETVAL",$sformatf("cfg.str1 is %s after get", cfg.str1), UVM_LOW)
endfunction
endclass
//顶层
class_test1 extends uvm_test;
uvm_component_utils(test1)
comp1 c1, c2 ;
config1 cfg1, cfg2;
function void build_phase(uvm phase phase) ;
cfg1 = config1::type_id::create("cfg1") ;//要传递的变量的类的实例
cfg2 = config1::type_id::create("cfg2") ;
cfg1.val1 = 30;
cfg1.str1= "c1" ;
cfg2.va11 = 50 ;
cfg2.str1= "c2" ;
//父类句柄
uvm_config_db#(uvm_object)::set(this, "c1", "cfg", cfg1) ;
uvm_config_db#(uvm_object)::set(this, "c2", "cfg", cfg2) ;
//获取当前句柄，当前句柄下要传递进入底层的类的实例，要传入的具体的类，具体的值
c1 = comp1::type_id::create("c1", this) ;
c2 = comp1::type_id::create("c2", this) ;
endfunction
endclass
5.5 总结
1. 先set()在get()，成对出现
2. 传输类型要保持一致
3. 路径，*表示通配，任意路径
六、消息管理
6.1 消息方法
6.2 消息处理
6.3 消息宏
6.4 消息机制
6.5 回调函数
set_report_severity_action(UVM_ERROR,UVM_DISPLAY | UVM_CALL_HOOK);//对于ERROR这个级别，不仅要打印还要调用其回调函数
set_report_verbosity_level(UVM_LOW);//只打印UVM_LOW及更重要的UVM_NONE
set_report_verbosity_level_hier(UVM_NONE);//禁用this下所有UVM消息
set_report_id_verbosity_hier("BUILD", UVM_NONE);//禁用this下的“CREATE”，“BUILD”，“RUN”ID消息
uvm_root::get().set_report_id_verbosity_hier("CREATE", UVM_NONE);//禁用this下的“CREATE”，“BUILD”，“RUN”ID消息
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