消息队列 Linux C

消息队列

• msgget msgop msgctl

NAME
       msgget - get a System V message queue identifier
       msgrcv, msgsnd - System V message queue operations
	   msgctl - System V message control operations
    
SYNOPSIS
       #include <sys/types.h>
       #include <sys/ipc.h>
       #include <sys/msg.h>

       int msgget(key_t key, int msgflg);

       int msgsnd(int msqid, const void *msgp, size_t msgsz, int msgflg);

       ssize_t msgrcv(int msqid, void *msgp, size_t msgsz, long msgtyp,
                      int msgflg);
	
       int msgctl(int msqid, int cmd, struct msqid_ds *buf);

消息队列使用实例

协议文件 proto.h

#ifndef PROTO_H__
#define PROTO_H__


#define NAMESIZE    64
#define KEYPATH     "/etc/services"
#define KEYPROJ     'g'


struct msg_st
{
    long mtype;
    char name[NAMESIZE];
    int math;
    int chinese;
};



#endif

发送方 snder.h

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/msg.h>
#include <string.h>


#include "proto.h"

int main(){

    key_t key;
    int msgid;

    struct msg_st sbuf;

    key = ftok(KEYPATH, KEYPROJ);
    if(key < 0){
        perror("ftok:");
        exit(1);
    }

    msgid = msgget(key, 0);
    if(msgid < 0){
        perror("msgget:");
        exit(1);
    }

    sbuf.mtype = 1;
    strcpy(sbuf.name, "Alan");
    sbuf.math = rand()%100;
    sbuf.chinese = rand()%100;
    
    if(msgsnd(msgid, &sbuf, sizeof(sbuf)-sizeof(long), 0) < 0){
        perror("msgrcv:");
        exit(1); 
    }

    puts("OK!");


    exit(0);
}

接收方 rcver.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/msg.h>

#include "proto.h"

int main(){

    key_t key;
    int msgid;

    struct msg_st rbuf;

    key = ftok(KEYPATH, KEYPROJ);
    if(key < 0){
        perror("ftok:");
        exit(1);
    }

    msgid = msgget(key, IPC_CREAT|0600);
    if(msgid < 0){
        perror("msgget:");
        exit(1);
    }

    while(1){
        if(msgrcv(msgid, &rbuf, sizeof(rbuf)-sizeof(long), 0, 0) < 0){
            perror("msgrcv:");
            exit(1);       
        }
        printf("NAME = %s\n", rbuf.name);
        printf("MATH = %d\n", rbuf.math);
        printf("CHINESE = %d\n", rbuf.chinese);
        printf("\n");
    }


    msgctl(msgid, IPC_RMID, NULL);

    exit(0);
}

先运行 接收方循环等待消息队列，再运行发送方向队列中发送消息。