FFT-快速傅里叶变换
FFT在算法竞赛中就有一个用途:加速多项式乘法
FFT主要两个过程:
1.将系数表示法转化成点值表示法相乘(DFT)
2.再由点值表示法转化为系数表示法(IDFT)
贴一份FFT模板,HDU1402,高精度乘法,把每一位当成对应系数,然后FFT,最后注意进位。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <math.h>
using namespace std;
const double PI = acos(-1.0);
//复数结构体
struct Complex{
double x,y; //实部和虚部, x+yi
Complex(double _x=0.0,double _y=0.0){
x=_x,y=_y;
}
Complex operator - (const Complex &b)const{
return Complex(x-b.x,y-b.y);
}
Complex operator + (const Complex &b)const{
return Complex(x+b.x,y+b.y);
}
Complex operator * (const Complex &b)const{
return Complex(x*b.x-y*b.y,x*b.y+y*b.x);
}
};
/*
* 进行FFT和IFFT前的反转变换。
* 位置i和 (i二进制反转后位置)互换
* len必须去2的幂
*/
void change(Complex y[],int len)
{
int i,j,k;
for(i = 1, j = len/2;i < len-1; i++)
{
if(i < j)swap(y[i],y[j]);
//交换互为小标反转的元素,i<j保证交换一次
//i做正常的+1,j左反转类型的+1,始终保持i和j是反转的
k = len/2;
while( j >= k)
{
j -= k;
k /= 2;
}
if(j < k) j += k;
}
}
/*
* 做FFT
* len必须为2^k形式,
* on==1时是DFT,on==-1时是IDFT
*/
void fft(Complex y[],int len,int on)
{
change(y,len);
for(int h = 2; h <= len; h <<= 1)
{
Complex wn(cos(-on*2*PI/h),sin(-on*2*PI/h));
for(int j = 0;j < len;j+=h)
{
Complex w(1,0);
for(int k = j;k < j+h/2;k++)
{
Complex u = y[k];
Complex t = w*y[k+h/2];
y[k] = u+t;
y[k+h/2] = u-t;
w = w*wn;
}
}
}
if(on == -1)
for(int i = 0;i < len;i++)
y[i].x /= len;
}
const int MAXN = 200010;
Complex x1[MAXN],x2[MAXN];
char str1[MAXN/2],str2[MAXN/2];
int sum[MAXN];
int main()
{
while(scanf("%s%s",str1,str2)==2)
{
int len1 = strlen(str1);
int len2 = strlen(str2);
int len = 1;
while(len < len1*2 || len < len2*2)len<<=1;
for(int i = 0;i < len1;i++)
x1[i] = Complex(str1[len1-1-i]-'0',0);
for(int i = len1;i < len;i++)
x1[i] = Complex(0,0);
for(int i = 0;i < len2;i++)
x2[i] = Complex(str2[len2-1-i]-'0',0);
for(int i = len2;i < len;i++)
x2[i] = Complex(0,0);
//求DFT
fft(x1,len,1);
fft(x2,len,1);
for(int i = 0;i < len;i++)
x1[i] = x1[i]*x2[i];
fft(x1,len,-1);
for(int i = 0;i < len;i++)
sum[i] = (int)(x1[i].x+0.5);
for(int i = 0;i < len;i++)
{
sum[i+1]+=sum[i]/10;
sum[i]%=10;
}
len = len1+len2-1;
while(sum[len] <= 0 && len > 0)len--;
for(int i = len;i >= 0;i--)
printf("%c",sum[i]+'0');
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}