初学者：java练习题———含答案------对象序列化（7）

import java.io.*;

class Student implements Serializable {
	String id;		//学号
	String name; 	//姓名
	int age;		//年龄
	//float average;	//平均成绩
	transient float average;	//平均成绩，测试一下，有transient和没有transient结果有何不同。
	
	//构造方法
	Student(String s_id, String s_name, int s_age, float s_average) {
		id = s_id;
		name = s_name;
		age = s_age;
		average = s_average;
	}
	public String getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(String id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	public float getAverage() {
		return average;
	}
	public void setAverage(float average) {
		this.average = average;
	}
	
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Student: 学号=" + id + "\t姓名=" + name + "\t年龄=" + age + "\t平均成绩=" + average;
	}
}

public class SerializableDemo {
	public static void main(String args[]) {
		Student zhang = new Student("0712345601","张小三",19,87.6f);
		Student li = new Student("0712345602","李阿四",21,91.3f);
		Student wang = new Student("0712345603","王连五",20,77.2f);
		try {
			FileOutputStream file_out = new FileOutputStream("Student.dat");
			ObjectOutputStream object_out = new ObjectOutputStream(file_out);
			object_out.writeObject(zhang);
			object_out.writeObject(li);
			object_out.writeObject(wang);
			object_out.close();
		}
		catch(IOException e){
			System.out.println(e);
		}
		
		try {
			FileInputStream file_in = new FileInputStream("Student.dat");
			ObjectInputStream object_in = new ObjectInputStream(file_in);
			Student st = null;
			int i;
			System.out.println("学号\t\t姓名\t年龄\t平均成绩");
			for(i=0;i<3;i++) {
				st = (Student)object_in.readObject();
				System.out.print(st.id + "\t");
				System.out.print(st.name + "\t");
				System.out.print(st.age + "\t");
				System.out.println(st.average + "\n");
			}
			object_in.close();
		}catch(ClassNotFoundException e) {
			System.out.println("不能读出对象!");
		}catch(IOException e) {
			System.out.println(e);
		}
	}
}

答案：略

运行结果为

2. 自定义序列化 ，编辑编译运行以下程序 ，并说明为什新建学生对象的总评成绩 total 与读入对象 student 的总评成绩为什么不一致？

StudentEx

import java.io.*;

public class StudentEx implements Externalizable {
	private String id;	//学号
	private String name;	//姓名
	private double chinese;	//语文成绩
	private double math;	//数学成绩
	//private double average;	//平均成绩
	transient private double average;	//平均成绩，排除在序列化之外，思考一下，此处的transient是否有用呢？
	
	public StudentEx() {	//默认构造方法
	}

	//参数化构造方法
	public StudentEx(String id, String name, double chinese, double math) {
		super();
		this.id = id;
		this.name = name;
		this.chinese = chinese;
		this.math = math;
		this.average = chinese * 0.6 + math * 0.4;
	}
	

	@Override
	public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput oo) throws IOException {
		oo.writeObject(id);
		oo.writeObject(name);
		oo.writeDouble(chinese);
		oo.writeDouble(math);
		//oo.writeDouble(chinese * 0.5 + math * 0.5);
	}

	@Override
	public void readExternal(ObjectInput oi) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
		id = (String)oi.readObject();
		name = (String)oi.readObject();
		chinese = oi.readDouble();
		math = oi.readDouble();
		//average = oi.readDouble();
		average = chinese * 0.5 + math * 0.5;
	}

	public String getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(String id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public double getChinese() {
		return chinese;
	}

	public void setChinese(double chinese) {
		this.chinese = chinese;
	}

	public double getMath() {
		return math;
	}

	public void setMath(double math) {
		this.math = math;
	}

	public double getAverage() {
		return average;
	}

	public void setAverage(double average) {
		this.average = average;
	}
	
	public void setAverage(double chinese, double math) {
		this.average = chinese * 0.6 + math * 0.4;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		String str = "StudentEx: 学号=" + id + "  姓名=" + name + "  语文=" + chinese + "  数学=" + math + "  平均=" + average; 
		return str;
	}
	
}

StudentExText

import java.io.*;

public class StudentExTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		StudentEx stu1 = new StudentEx("0712345602", "王五", 88, 92);
		System.out.println("新建对象：" + stu1);
		StudentEx stu2 = new StudentEx("0712345609", "李四", 95, 91);
		System.out.println("新建对象：" + stu2);
		StudentEx stu[];
		try {
			ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("StudentEx.dat"));
			stu1.writeExternal(oos);
			System.out.println("对象王五写入到文件中。");
			stu2.writeExternal(oos);
			System.out.println("对象李四写入到文件中。");
			oos.close();
			System.out.println("完成对象写入到文件。");

			ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("StudentEx.dat"));
			stu = new StudentEx[2];
			stu[0] = new StudentEx();
			stu[0].readExternal(ois);
			System.out.println("从文件StudentEx.dat中读取第一个对象。\n" + stu[0]);
			
			stu[1] = new StudentEx();
			stu[1].readExternal(ois);
			System.out.println("从文件StudentEx.dat中读取第二个对象。\n" + stu[1]);
			
			System.out.println("从文件读取对象已完成！");
		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

}

SerialInheritTest

import java.io.*;
import java.util.Date;

public class SerialInheritTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Master ma = new Master("0712345601", "张三", new Date(0), "广州", "软件工程");
		try {
			System.out.println("开始写研究生记录");
			FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("Master.dat");
			ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(fos);
			oos.writeObject(ma);
			oos.flush();
			oos.close();
			System.out.println("研究生记录写文件完成");
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		
		//读取记录
		Master m2;
		try {
			System.out.println("从文件读取研究生记录");
			FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("Master.dat");
			ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(fis);
			m2 = (Master)ois.readObject();
			ois.close();
			System.out.println("读取完成，读入的研究生记录：" + m2);
		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

}

//非序列化的父类?
class StudentBas {	
	String id;
	String name;
	Date birthday;
	public StudentBas(String id, String name, Date birthday) {
		super();
		this.id = id;
		this.name = name;
		this.birthday = birthday;
	}
	
	//测试一下没有默认构造方法的情况，程序可正确执行吗？
	public StudentBas() {
		super();
		id = "0700000000";
		name = "无名氏";
		birthday = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
	}
	
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "学号=" + id + "\t姓名=" + name + "\t生日=" + birthday;
	}
	
}

//序列化的子类定义
class Master extends StudentBas implements Serializable {
	static final long serialVersionUID = 0121231212;
	String address;
	String major;
	public Master(String id, String name, Date birthday, String address, String major) {
		super(id, name, birthday);
		this.address = address;
		this.major = major;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return super.toString() + "\t地址=" + address + "\t专业=" + major;
	}
	
}

运行结果为