C# 串口通讯、数据获取方式分析比较，数据解析以及可能的异常处理

大致需求

最近有这样一个需求，采用某国内公司的测距模块，并形成指定样式的模块组，串口同学，有数据结构和通讯说明文档；

其实网上有很多提供源码的串口调试工具之类的资源，一般的需求都能从这些资源中找到解决方案，我这里也仅仅是记录一下我的开发过程，已经遇到过的一些问题和解决办法，希望能帮到一些需要的人。

首先，既然是模组，那就是要同时和多个模块建立通讯。网上的串口通讯工具一般都仅仅是单通讯，要实现同时与多个串口通讯，还是要注意一些问题的，比如并发问题就是很关键的一点。

.NET 2.0往后提供对串口的支持，最重要的就是SerialPort类，有相关类可以在命名空间System.IO.Ports下找到。如果有不清楚的可以自己百度

万物皆对象，将一个串口视为一个对象，简单封装一下

 class ZYComports
    {
        #region 串口对象的基本参数设置
        /// <summary>
        /// 串口对象
        /// </summary>
        private SerialPort serialPort;
        /// <summary>
        /// 端口号
        /// </summary>
        private string comportName;
        /// <summary>
        /// 波特率
        /// </summary>
        private int baudRate = 115200;
        /// <summary>
        /// 读取超时
        /// </summary>
        private int readTimeout = 5000;
        /// <summary>
        /// 写入超时
        /// </summary>
        private int writeTimeout = 5000;
        /// <summary>
        /// 读取缓存大小
        /// </summary>
        private int readBufferSize = 1024;
        /// <summary>
        /// 写入缓存大小
        /// </summary>
        private int writeBufferSize = 1024;
        /// <summary>
        /// 数据位
        /// </summary>
        private int dataBits = 8;
        /// <summary>
        /// 停止位
        /// </summary>
        private Parity parity = 0;
        /// <summary>
        /// 接收位
        /// </summary>
        private int receivedBytesThreshold = 1;
        #endregion

        #region 串口硬件的安装参数
        /// <summary>
        /// 探测方向
        /// </summary>
        private Orientation orientation;
        /// <summary>
        /// 探测器的坐标、排列顺序为从左到右，从上到下,从1开始
        /// </summary>
        private UInt16 installIndex;
        /// <summary>
        /// 左边距或上边距,单位为像素px
        /// </summary>
        private UInt16 marginPX;
        /// <summary>
        /// X、或Y方向物理有效取值范围
        /// </summary>
        private UInt16 minEffective = 10;     //单位cm
        private UInt16 maxEffective = 1000;   //单位cm
        public int effectiveValue = 0;
        #endregion

        #region 业务逻辑变量参数
        private Period period;
        #endregion

        public ZYComports()
        {
            serialPort = new SerialPort();
        }

        public string ComportName { get => comportName; set => comportName = value; }
        public int BaudRate { get => baudRate; set => baudRate = value; }
        public int ReadTimeout { get => readTimeout; set => readTimeout = value; }
        public int WriteTimeout { get => writeTimeout; set => writeTimeout = value; }
        public int ReadBufferSize { get => readBufferSize; set => readBufferSize = value; }
        public int WriteBufferSize { get => writeBufferSize; set => writeBufferSize = value; }
        public int DataBits { get => dataBits; set => dataBits = value; }
        public Parity Parity { get => parity; set => parity = value; }
        public int ReceivedBytesThreshold
        {
            get => receivedBytesThreshold; set => receivedBytesThreshold = value;
        }