Ubuntu 16.04自定义服务实现Tomcat开机自启动

一 JDK环境安装

1.1 Tomcat是用Java语言编写的，需要运行在Java虚拟机上，所以先安装JDK，以提供运行环境。

sudo apt install openjdk-8-jdk-headless

1.2 设置JDK环境变量

设置用户环境变量

sudo vi ~/.bashrc

按下i进入编辑模式，然后再尾部加上JDK路径 

#java
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64
export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

使其生效

sudo source ~/.bashrc

1.3 检查是否设置成功

root@localhost:~# java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_181"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_181-8u181-b13-0ubuntu0.16.04.1-b13)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.181-b13, mixed mode)

二 Tomcat服务器安装

2.1 当前最新版本为apache-tomcat-9.0.11.tar.gz，可以从官网下载，地址：https://tomcat.apache.org/download-90.cgi，此外，可以通过镜像下载：

wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.11/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.11.tar.gz

2.2 解压，进入bin目录，执行./startup.sh，启动Tomcat，若要停止Tomcat，可以执行./shutdown.sh.

tar -xvf apache-tomcat-9.0.11.tar.gz
cd apache-tomcat-9.0.11/bin
./startup.sh

 2.3 Tomat Http默认端口是8080，若需要修改端口，在Tomcat解压目录下，进入conf目录，打开server.xml，修改8080端口即可（端口范围：1024-65535）。

62 <!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received
63      and responses are returned. Documentation at :
64      Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html
65      Java AJP  Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html
66      APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html
67      Define a non-SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 080
68 -->
69 <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
70            connectionTimeout="20000"
71            redirectPort="8443" />

2.4 查看系统防火墙是否设置了允许端口访问

root@localhost:~# iptables -L -n
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination         

Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination         

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination 

2.5 添加访问端口到防火墙列表中

iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT

2.6 查询是否设置成功，在Chain INPUT(policy ACCEPT)中看到，已经添加了一条允许8080端口访问的记录。

root@localhost:~# iptables -L -n
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination         
ACCEPT     tcp  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            tcp dpt:8080

Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination         

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination 

2.7 通过浏览器访问Tomcat自带的jsp页面，在浏览器地址栏输入http://192.168.10.204:8080，即可成功访问。

三 Tomcat服务器开机自启动

3.1 在/etc/init.d目录下新建tomcat文件

sudo cd /etc/init.d
sudo vi tomcat 

3.2 添加启动、关闭、重启的shell脚本

#!/bin/sh

### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:	        tomcat
# Required-Start:	$remote_fs $network
# Required-Stop:	$remote_fs $network
# Default-Start:	2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:		0 1 6
# Short Description:	the tomcat Java Application Server
### END INIT INFO

RETVAL=0
export JRE_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64
export CATALINA_HOME=/home/xxx/apache-tomcat-9.0.11   # xxx为自己的用户名
export CATALINA_BASE=/home/xxx/apache-tomcat-9.0.11   # xxx为自己的用户名

start()
{
	if [ -f $CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.sh ]
	then
	    echo $"Starting Tomcat"
		$CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.sh
	    RETVAL=$?
	    echo "OK"
	    return $RETVAL
	fi
}


stop()
{
	if [ -f $CATALINA_HOME/bin/shutdown.sh ]
	then
	    echo $"Stopping Tomcat"
		$CATALINA_HOME/bin/shutdown.sh
	    RETVAL=$?
	    sleep 3
	    ps -fwwu tomcat | grep apache-tomcat | grep -v grep | grep -v PID | awk '{print $2}'| xargs kill -9
	    echo "OK"
	   return $RETVAL
	fi
}


case "$1" in
	start)
		start
		;;
	stop)
		stop
		;;
	restart)
		echo $"Restarting Tomcat"
		$0 stop
		sleep 3
		$0 start
		;;
	*)
		echo $"Usage:$0{start|stop|restart}"
		exit 1
		;;
esac

exit $RETVAL

3.3 保存退出，授予tomcat文件执行权限

chmod +x tomcat

3.4 使tomcat服务生效，并使能开机自启动，然后reboot重启，即可Tomcat开机自启动生效.

sudo systemctl daemon-reload        #对于新创建的unit文件或修改了的unit文件，要通知systemd重载此配置文件；
sudo systemctl enable tomcat        #使能开机自启动
sudo reboot

3.5 重启后，执行systemctl status tomcat看看tomcat服务的状态。

root@localhost:~# systemctl status tomcat
● tomcat.service
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/tomcat; bad; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2018-08-23 21:54:25 PDT; 44s ago
     Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
  Process: 811 ExecStart=/etc/init.d/tomcat start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   CGroup: /system.slice/tomcat.service
           └─832 /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/home/localhost/apache-tomcat-9.0.11/conf/logging.propertie

Aug 23 21:54:24 localhost systemd[1]: Starting tomcat.service...
Aug 23 21:54:25 localhost tomcat[811]: $Starting Tomcat
Aug 23 21:54:25 localhost tomcat[811]: Tomcat started.
Aug 23 21:54:25 localhost tomcat[811]: OK
Aug 23 21:54:25 localhost systemd[1]: Started tomcat.service.