http://blog.topspeedsnail.com/archives/830
基本散列点绘制
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from
matplotlib
import
pyplot
as
plt
import
numpy
as
np
# Generating a Gaussion dataset:
# creating random vectors from the multivariate normal distribution
# given mean and covariance
mu_vec1
=
np
.
array
(
[
0
,
0
]
)
cov_mat1
=
np
.
array
(
[
[
2
,
0
]
,
[
0
,
2
]
]
)
x1_samples
=
np
.
random
.
multivariate_normal
(
mu_vec1
,
cov_mat1
,
100
)
x2_samples
=
np
.
random
.
multivariate_normal
(
mu_vec1
+
0.2
,
cov_mat1
+
0.2
,
100
)
x3_samples
=
np
.
random
.
multivariate_normal
(
mu_vec1
+
0.4
,
cov_mat1
+
0.4
,
100
)
# x1_samples.shape -> (100, 2), 100 rows, 2 columns
plt
.
figure
(
figsize
=
(
8
,
6
)
)
plt
.
scatter
(
x1_samples
[
:
,
0
]
,
x1_samples
[
:
,
1
]
,
marker
=
'x'
,
color
=
'blue'
,
alpha
=
0.7
,
label
=
'x1 samples'
)
plt
.
scatter
(
x2_samples
[
:
,
0
]
,
x1_samples
[
:
,
1
]
,
marker
=
'o'
,
color
=
'green'
,
alpha
=
0.7
,
label
=
'x2 samples'
)
plt
.
scatter
(
x3_samples
[
:
,
0
]
,
x1_samples
[
:
,
1
]
,
marker
=
'^'
,
color
=
'red'
,
alpha
=
0.7
,
label
=
'x3 samples'
)
plt
.
title
(
'Basic scatter plot'
)
plt
.
ylabel
(
'variable X'
)
plt
.
xlabel
(
'Variable Y'
)
plt
.
legend
(
loc
=
'upper right'
)
plt
.
show
(
)
|
带标签
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import
matplotlib
.
pyplot
as
plt
x_coords
=
[
0.13
,
0.22
,
0.39
,
0.59
,
0.68
,
0.74
,
0.93
]
y_coords
=
[
0.75
,
0.34
,
0.44
,
0.52
,
0.80
,
0.25
,
0.55
]
fig
=
plt
.
figure
(
figsize
=
(
8
,
5
)
)
plt
.
scatter
(
x_coords
,
y_coords
,
marker
=
's'
,
s
=
50
)
for
x
,
y
in
zip
(
x_coords
,
y_coords
)
:
plt
.
annotate
(
'(%s, %s)'
%
(
x
,
y
)
,
xy
=
(
x
,
y
)
,
xytext
=
(
0
,
-
10
)
,
textcoords
=
'offset points'
,
ha
=
'center'
,
va
=
'top'
)
plt
.
xlim
(
[
0
,
1
]
)
plt
.
ylim
(
[
0
,
1
]
)
plt
.
show
(
)
|
用曲线把样本分成两类
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# 2-category classification with random 2D-sample data
# from a multivariate normal distribution
import
numpy
as
np
from
matplotlib
import
pyplot
as
plt
def
decision_boundary
(
x_1
)
:
""" Calculates the x_2 value for plotting the decision boundary."""
return
4
-
np
.
sqrt
(
-
x_1
*
*
2
+
4
*
x_1
+
6
+
np
.
log
(
16
)
)
# Generating a Gaussion dataset:
# creating random vectors from the multivariate normal distribution
# given mean and covariance
mu_vec1
=
np
.
array
(
[
0
,
0
]
)
cov_mat1
=
np
.
array
(
[
[
2
,
0
]
,
[
0
,
2
]
]
)
x1_samples
=
np
.
random
.
multivariate_normal
(
mu_vec1
,
cov_mat1
,
100
)
mu_vec1
=
mu_vec1
.
reshape
(
1
,
2
)
.
T
# to 1-col vector
mu_vec2
=
np
.
array
(
[
1
,
2
]
)
cov_mat2
=
np
.
array
(
[
[
1
,
0
]
,
[
0
,
1
]
]
)
x2_samples
=
np
.
random
.
multivariate_normal
(
mu_vec2
,
cov_mat2
,
100
)
mu_vec2
=
mu_vec2
.
reshape
(
1
,
2
)
.
T
# to 1-col vector
# Main scatter plot and plot annotation
f
,
ax
=
plt
.
subplots
(
figsize
=
(
7
,
7
)
)
ax
.
scatter
(
x1_samples
[
:
,
0
]
,
x1_samples
[
:
,
1
]
,
marker
=
'o'
,
color
=
'green'
,
s
=
40
,
alpha
=
0.5
)
ax
.
scatter
(
x2_samples
[
:
,
0
]
,
x2_samples
[
:
,
1
]
,
marker
=
'^'
,
color
=
'blue'
,
s
=
40
,
alpha
=
0.5
)
plt
.
legend
(
[
'Class1 (w1)'
,
'Class2 (w2)'
]
,
loc
=
'upper right'
)
plt
.
title
(
'Densities of 2 classes with 25 bivariate random patterns each'
)
plt
.
ylabel
(
'x2'
)
plt
.
xlabel
(
'x1'
)
ftext
=
'p(x|w1) ~ N(mu1=(0,0)^t, cov1=I)np(x|w2) ~ N(mu2=(1,1)^t, cov2=I)'
plt
.
figtext
(
.
15
,
.
8
,
ftext
,
fontsize
=
11
,
ha
=
'left'
)
# Adding decision boundary to plot
x_1
=
np
.
arange
(
-
5
,
5
,
0.1
)
bound
=
decision_boundary
(
x_1
)
plt
.
plot
(
x_1
,
bound
,
'r--'
,
lw
=
3
)
x_vec
=
np
.
linspace
(
*
ax
.
get_xlim
(
)
)
x_1
=
np
.
arange
(
0
,
100
,
0.05
)
plt
.
show
(
)
|
按到原点的距离增大点的大小
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import
numpy
as
np
import
matplotlib
.
pyplot
as
plt
fig
=
plt
.
figure
(
figsize
=
(
8
,
6
)
)
# Generating a Gaussion dataset:
# creating random vectors from the multivariate normal distribution
# given mean and covariance
mu_vec1
=
np
.
array
(
[
0
,
0
]
)
cov_mat1
=
np
.
array
(
[
[
1
,
0
]
,
[
0
,
1
]
]
)
X
=
np
.
random
.
multivariate_normal
(
mu_vec1
,
cov_mat1
,
500
)
R
=
X
*
*
2
R_sum
=
R
.
sum
(
axis
=
1
)
plt
.
scatter
(
X
[
:
,
0
]
,
X
[
:
,
1
]
,
color
=
'gray'
,
marker
=
'o'
,
s
=
32.
*
R_sum
,
edgecolor
=
'black'
,
alpha
=
0.5
)
plt
.
show
(
)
|
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