R 系统聚类

X<-data.frame(
  x1=c(2959.19, 2459.77, 1495.63, 1046.33, 1303.97, 1730.84,
       1561.86, 1410.11, 3712.31, 2207.58, 2629.16, 1844.78,
       2709.46, 1563.78, 1675.75, 1427.65, 1783.43, 1942.23,
       3055.17, 2033.87, 2057.86, 2303.29, 1974.28, 1673.82,
       2194.25, 2646.61, 1472.95, 1525.57, 1654.69, 1375.46,
       1608.82),
  x2=c(730.79, 495.47, 515.90, 477.77, 524.29, 553.90, 492.42,
       510.71, 550.74, 449.37, 557.32, 430.29, 428.11, 303.65,
       613.32, 431.79, 511.88, 512.27, 353.23, 300.82, 186.44,
       589.99, 507.76, 437.75, 537.01, 839.70, 390.89, 472.98,
       437.77, 480.99, 536.05),
  x3=c(749.41, 697.33, 362.37, 290.15, 254.83, 246.91, 200.49,
       211.88, 893.37, 572.40, 689.73, 271.28, 334.12, 233.81,
       550.71, 288.55, 282.84, 401.39, 564.56, 338.65, 202.72,
       516.21, 344.79, 461.61, 369.07, 204.44, 447.95, 328.90,
       258.78, 273.84, 432.46),
  x4=c(513.34, 302.87, 285.32, 208.57, 192.17, 279.81, 218.36,
       277.11, 346.93, 211.92, 435.69, 126.33, 160.77, 107.90,
       219.79, 208.14, 201.01, 206.06, 356.27, 157.78, 171.79,
       236.55, 203.21, 153.32, 249.54, 209.11, 259.51, 219.86,
       303.00, 317.32, 235.82),
  x5=c(467.87, 284.19, 272.95, 201.50, 249.81, 239.18, 220.69,
       224.65, 527.00, 302.09, 514.66, 250.56, 405.14, 209.70,
       272.59, 217.00, 237.60, 321.29, 811.88, 329.06, 329.65,
       403.92, 240.24, 254.66, 290.84, 379.30, 230.61, 206.65,
       244.93, 251.08, 250.28),
  x6=c(1141.82, 735.97, 540.58, 414.72, 463.09, 445.20, 459.62,
       376.82, 1034.98, 585.23, 795.87, 513.18, 461.67, 393.99,
       599.43, 337.76, 617.74, 697.22, 873.06, 621.74, 477.17,
       730.05, 575.10, 445.59, 561.91, 371.04, 490.90, 449.69,
       479.53, 424.75, 541.30),
  x7=c(478.42, 570.84, 364.91, 281.84, 287.87, 330.24, 360.48,
       317.61, 720.33, 429.77, 575.76, 314.00, 535.13, 509.39,
       371.62, 421.31, 523.52, 492.60, 1082.82, 587.02, 312.93,
       438.41, 430.36, 346.11, 407.70, 269.59, 469.10, 249.66,
       288.56, 228.73, 344.85),
  x8=c(457.64, 305.08, 188.63, 212.10, 192.96, 163.86, 147.76,
       152.85, 462.03, 252.54, 323.36, 151.39, 232.29, 160.12,
       211.84, 165.32, 182.52, 226.45, 420.81, 218.27, 279.19,
       225.80, 223.46, 191.48, 330.95, 389.33, 191.34, 228.19,
       236.51, 195.93, 214.40),
  row.names=c("北京","天津","河北","山西","内蒙古",
              "辽宁","吉林","黑龙江","上海","江苏","浙江",
              "安徽","福建","江西","山东","河南","湖北",
              "湖南","广东","广西","海南","重庆","四川",
              "贵州","云南","西藏","陕西","甘肃","青海" ,
              "宁夏","新疆")         
  
)
#1.用数据框输入数据
#2.生成距离结构，做系统聚类
d=dist(scale(X))   #scale对数据做中心化或者标准化处理
hc1<-hclust(d)   #hclust提供系统聚类的计算  最长距离法
hc2<-hclust(d,"average") 
hc3<-hclust(d,"centroid") #重心法
hc4<-hclust(d,"ward.D")  #ward法
hc5<-hclust(d,"ward.D2")  #ward法
opar<-par(mfrow=c(2,1), mar=c(5.2,4,1,0))  #生成两行一列  图像距离边界的距离
plclust(hc1,hang=-1)   #hang是表明谱系图中各类所在的位置 当hang取负值时，谱系图中的类从底部画起  生成谱系图
re1<-rect.hclust(hc1, k=5, border="red")   #将分类结果分成5类 用红色矩形笔迹标记
plclust(hc2,hang=-1)   #hang是表明谱系图中各类所在的位置 当hang取负值时，谱系图中的类从底部画起  生成谱系图
re1<-rect.hclust(hc2, k=5, border="red")   #将分类结果分成5类 用红色矩形笔迹标记
par(opar)   #在活动设备中返回所有图形参数和他们的值
opar<-par(mfrow=c(2,1),mar=c(5,4,1,1))
plclust(hc5,hang=-1)
re3<-rect.hclust(hc5,k=5,border="red")
plclust(hc4,hang=-1)
re4<-rect.hclust(hc4,k=5,border="red")
#在R软件中 与确定类的个数有关的函数是rect.hclust()函数 它的本质是由给定的个数或给定的阈值来确定聚类的情况
#tree是由hclust生成的结构 k是类的个数 border是矩形框的颜色
par(opar)