vmware 虚拟机创建 LVM

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-18 09:28:24 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-03-18 09:28:24 发布

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分类专栏：知识积累操作系统基础知识虚拟机相关内容文章标签： linux

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/beginerToBetter/article/details/129367828

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LVM 原理

LVM (Logical volume Manager): 虚拟设备驱动，是在内核中块设备和物理设备之间添加的一个新的抽象层次, LVM 可以弹性的调整文件系统的容量

LVM的实现原理：LVM 将几个实体的 partitions/disk 通过软件组合成一块独立的大磁盘VG，之后将这块大磁盘再经过分割称为可使用分割槽 LV后，将其格式化和挂载后即可以使用

LVM的具体实现 (ref: linux鸟哥的私房菜)：
在这里插入图片描述

通过 fdisk 将 partition system id 改为 8e (LVM的标识符)
通过 pvcreate 将 partition 转换成 LVM 底层的 PV (Physical Volume)
通过 vgcreate 将PV 整合成 VG (Volume Group)
通过 lvcreate 将 VG 切分成 LV (Logical Volume)
通过 mkfs 将 LV 格式化、挂载即可使用

PE (Physical Extend)，LVM的最小储存区块，LVM预设的 PE 为 4MB，PE 组成 LV 和 VG，因此 LV 和 VG 的大小和其包含的 PE 总数相关。LVM 的每个 VG 最多包含 65534 个 PE，因此最大为 256GB
LVM 的可弹性变更的 filesystem 容量是通过交换 PE 实现的，通过移除 LV 内部的 PE 以降低 LV 的容量，通过加入 PE 到 LV 中以加大容量

在这里插入图片描述

VMware 虚拟机中配置 LVM

在 vmware 中添加硬盘，用于需要配置的 LVM，详细可参见： https://docs.vmware.com/cn/VMware-Workstation-Pro/14.0/com.vmware.ws.using.doc/GUID-FB6F0D1B-6517-4F27-9AB5-93BF834D684D.html

添加后可以通过 lsblk 进行查看，e.g. 新添加了 10G 的 sdb 磁盘，如下：

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0   20G  0 disk 
├─sda1   8:1    0  300M  0 part /boot
├─sda2   8:2    0    2G  0 part [SWAP]
└─sda3   8:3    0 17.7G  0 part /
sdb      8:16   0   10G  0 disk 
sr0     11:0    1 1024M  0 rom

通过 fdisk 将新加入的磁盘标记为 LVM

1. 指定需要分区的磁盘
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xac408cac.

Command (m for help): m

Help:

  DOS (MBR)
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit nested BSD disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag

  Generic
   d   delete a partition
   F   list free unpartitioned space
   l   list known partition types
   n   add a new partition
   p   print the partition table
   t   change a partition type
   v   verify the partition table
   i   print information about a partition

  Misc
   m   print this menu
   u   change display/entry units
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

  Script
   I   load disk layout from sfdisk script file
   O   dump disk layout to sfdisk script file

  Save & Exit
   w   write table to disk and exit
   q   quit without saving changes

  Create a new label
   g   create a new empty GPT partition table
   G   create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   s   create a new empty Sun partition table


2. 添加一个分区
Command (m for help): n
Select， Partition number，First sector，Last sector 使用的均为默认值
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 10 GiB.

3. 修改分区的类型
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): L

 0  Empty           24  NEC DOS         81  Minix / old Lin bf  Solaris        
 1  FAT12           27  Hidden NTFS Win 82  Linux swap / So c1  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 2  XENIX root      39  Plan 9          83  Linux           c4  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 3  XENIX usr       3c  PartitionMagic  84  OS/2 hidden or  c6  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 4  FAT16 <32M      40  Venix 80286     85  Linux extended  c7  Syrinx         
 5  Extended        41  PPC PReP Boot   86  NTFS volume set da  Non-FS data    
 6  FAT16           42  SFS             87  NTFS volume set db  CP/M / CTOS / .
 7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d  QNX4.x          88  Linux plaintext de  Dell Utility   
 8  AIX             4e  QNX4.x 2nd part 8e  Linux LVM       df  BootIt         
 9  AIX bootable    4f  QNX4.x 3rd part 93  Amoeba          e1  DOS access     
 a  OS/2 Boot Manag 50  OnTrack DM      94  Amoeba BBT      e3  DOS R/O        
 b  W95 FAT32       51  OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f  BSD/OS          e4  SpeedStor      
 c  W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52  CP/M            a0  IBM Thinkpad hi ea  Rufus alignment
 e  W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53  OnTrack DM6 Aux a5  FreeBSD         eb  BeOS fs        
 f  W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54  OnTrackDM6      a6  OpenBSD         ee  GPT            
10  OPUS            55  EZ-Drive        a7  NeXTSTEP        ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/
11  Hidden FAT12    56  Golden Bow      a8  Darwin UFS      f0  Linux/PA-RISC b
12  Compaq diagnost 5c  Priam Edisk     a9  NetBSD          f1  SpeedStor      
14  Hidden FAT16 <3 61  SpeedStor       ab  Darwin boot     f4  SpeedStor      
16  Hidden FAT16    63  GNU HURD or Sys af  HFS / HFS+      f2  DOS secondary  
17  Hidden HPFS/NTF 64  Novell Netware  b7  BSDI fs         fb  VMware VMFS    
18  AST SmartSleep  65  Novell Netware  b8  BSDI swap       fc  VMware VMKCORE 
1b  Hidden W95 FAT3 70  DiskSecure Mult bb  Boot Wizard hid fd  Linux raid auto
1c  Hidden W95 FAT3 75  PC/IX           bc  Acronis FAT32 L fe  LANstep        
1e  Hidden W95 FAT1 80  Old Minix       be  Solaris boot    ff  BBT            
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'.

4. 将所做的分区修改进行保存
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

5. 使用 fdisk -l 查看分区是否成功
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sdb: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xac408cac

Device     Boot Start      End  Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1        2048 20971519 20969472  10G 8e Linux LVM

通过 pvcreate 创建 PV

1. 通过 lsblk 查看分区表结构，分区类型为 LVM 但目前该磁盘仍属于分区状态
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0   20G  0 disk 
├─sda1   8:1    0  300M  0 part /boot
├─sda2   8:2    0    2G  0 part [SWAP]
└─sda3   8:3    0 17.7G  0 part /
sdb      8:16   0   10G  0 disk 
└─sdb1   8:17   0   10G  0 part 
sr0     11:0    1 1024M  0 rom  

2. 创建 PV
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.

3. 查看创建的 PV
[root@localhost ~]# pvdisplay
  "/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "<10.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdb1
  VG Name               
  PV Size               <10.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0   
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               vdjNL2-O1Kq-vwdI-YnjQ-GSCS-gpoR-GwzjBB

创建 VG

[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate vgtest /dev/sdb1
  Volume group "vgtest" successfully created
  
[root@localhost ~]# vgs
  VG     #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize   VFree  
  vgtest   1   0   0 wz--n- <10.00g <10.00g
  
[root@localhost ~]# pvdisplay
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdb1
  VG Name               vgtest
  PV Size               <10.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes 
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              2559
  Free PE               2559
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               vdjNL2-O1Kq-vwdI-YnjQ-GSCS-gpoR-GwzjBB

创建 LV

[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L 1G -n lvtest vgtest  Logical volume "lvtest" created. 

 [root@localhost ~]# lvs  LV     VG     Attr       LSize Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert  lvtest vgtest -wi-a----- 1.00g

格式化 LV 并挂载使用

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/vgtest/lvtest
meta-data=/dev/vgtest/lvtest     isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=65536 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
         =                       reflink=1
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=262144, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0


[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME              MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda                 8:0    0   20G  0 disk 
├─sda1              8:1    0  300M  0 part /boot
├─sda2              8:2    0    2G  0 part [SWAP]
└─sda3              8:3    0 17.7G  0 part /
sdb                 8:16   0   10G  0 disk 
└─sdb1              8:17   0   10G  0 part 
  └─vgtest-lvtest 253:0    0    1G  0 lvm  
sr0                11:0    1 1024M  0 rom  

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /lvtest

[root@localhost /]# mount /dev/vgtest/lvtest  /lvtest/

[root@localhost lvtest]# df -h
Filesystem                 Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                   1.4G     0  1.4G   0% /dev
tmpfs                      1.4G     0  1.4G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                      1.4G  9.7M  1.4G   1% /run
tmpfs                      1.4G     0  1.4G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda3                   18G   12G  6.4G  65% /
/dev/sda1                  295M  174M  122M  59% /boot
tmpfs                      280M  1.2M  279M   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs                      280M  5.7M  275M   3% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vgtest-lvtest 1014M   40M  975M   4% /lvtest

ref:

《linux 鸟哥私房菜》
虚拟机添加虚拟硬盘 https://docs.vmware.com/cn/VMware-Workstation-Pro/14.0/com.vmware.ws.using.doc/GUID-FB6F0D1B-6517-4F27-9AB5-93BF834D684D.html
LVM 逻辑卷的创建 https://www.cnblogs.com/liumou-site/p/12118527.html