多线程——三大不安全案例

买票

package thread;

//不安全的买票
public class ThreeUnsafeCases {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BuyTicket buyTicket = new BuyTicket();
        new Thread(buyTicket,"You").start();
        new Thread(buyTicket,"I").start();
        new Thread(buyTicket,"He").start();
    }

}
class BuyTicket implements Runnable {
    private int ticketNumber = 10;// 设置票数

    @Override
    public void run() {
        //买票
        while (true) {
            if (ticketNumber <= 0) {// 如果票数小于等于零退出
                return;
            }
            //如果没有小于等于零执行下面的语句，who get ticket
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " get " + ticketNumber--);
        }
    }
}

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银行取钱

package thread;

// 不安全的取钱
public class ThreeUnsafeCasesBank {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Account account = new Account(100," savings ");

        Drawing You = new Drawing(account,50," You ");
        Drawing She = new Drawing(account,100," She ");

        You.start();//开启 You 线程
        She.start();
    }


}

// 账户
class Account{
    int money;// 余额
    String name;// 用户名
    public Account(int money, String name) {//构造器
        this.money = money;//将构造器输入的 money 赋值给 Account 类的 money
        this.name = name;
    }
}


//银行
class Drawing extends Thread{
    Account account;// 账户
    int drawingMoney;// 设置取的钱
    int nowMoney;// 设置现在手里的钱
    public Drawing(Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){
        super(name);// 设置超类名字，超类是 Thread 所以名字为 You 和 She
        this.account=account;
        this.drawingMoney=drawingMoney;

    }

    // 取钱
    @Override
    public void run() {
        if(account.money-drawingMoney<0){// if 语句，如果账户余额不足需要退出
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"先生，您的余额不足。");
            return;
        }

        try {//延迟，在账户余额还是 100 的时候让两个线程都跳过上面的 if 语句，避免执行 if 语句
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        if (Thread.currentThread().getName().equals(" You ")){// if 语句，在名字为 You的时候执行下面语句，
                                                              //写这句的原因，是在两个线程跑到下面计算语句的
                                                              //时候发现， account.money 还没有来得及获取
                                                              //到 account 的位置就又执行了下一个线程，与预
                                                             // 期不符，让其中一个线程在这暂停一下，给money有
                                                            //足够的时间给 account.money 赋值
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

        }

        // 卡取出后余额 = 账户.余额 - 取的钱
        account.money = account.money - drawingMoney;


        // 现在手里的钱 = 原来手里的钱 + 取的钱
        nowMoney = nowMoney + drawingMoney;


        System.out.println(account.name+" balance is "+account.money);
        //这里this.getName = Thread.currentThread().getName()
        // 原因是这里的 name 刚好被 Thread 的 name 赋值了
        System.out.println(this.getName()+" money is now "+nowMoney);
    }
}

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线程集合

package thread;


import java.util.ArrayList;

// 线程不安全的集合
public class ArrayListThread {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

        ArrayList<String> strings = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                strings.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());// 添加一个集合的元素
            }).start();
        }
        Thread.sleep(1000);// 延迟 1 秒
        System.out.println(strings.size());// 返回集合的长度
    }
}

https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1V4411p7EF?p=19