Python3中子类如何调用父类的初始化方法
在python3中,子类可以重写父类的方法(及重载)。因为初始化方法是在创建对象时自动调用的,很容易在这方面出错。本文以子类调用父类初始化方法为切入点,解决此问题。
通常有两类解决办法:
方法一:在子类的初始化方法中,率先使用父类.__init__()来解决子类调用父类的初始化方法。代码如下,
class family(object):
def __init__(self,host):
self.host=host
def printf(self):
print('the hoster of the family is %s.'%self.host)
class myfamily(family):
member=[]
def __init__(self):
family.__init__(self,host='xiaoli')
#括号中的参数要包括self
print('hi')
def add_member(self,member):
self.member.append(member)
def print_member(self):
print('there are %d member:%s'%(len(self.member),self.member))
if __name__=='__main__':
myfamily1=myfamily()
myfamily1.add_member('xiaoduan')
myfamily1.printf()
myfamily1.print_member()
输出结果为:
hi
the hoster of the family is xiaoli.
there are 1 member:['xiaoduan']
注意:通过父类.__init__(),括号内包括相应的参数,且self不可少。
方法二:在子类初始化方法中,通过super()函数来调用父类(超类)的初始化方法,代码如下,
class family(object):
def __init__(self,host):
self.host=host
def printf(self):
print('the hoster of the family is %s.'%self.host)
class myfamily(family):
member=[]
def __init__(self):
super(myfamily,self).__init__(host='xiaoli')
#参数不包括self
"""
super().__init__('xiaoli')结果一样
"""
print('hi')
def add_member(self,member):
self.member.append(member)
def print_member(self):
print('there are %d member:%s'%(len(self.member),self.member))
if __name__=='__main__':
myfamily1=myfamily()
myfamily1.add_member('xiaoduan')
myfamily1.printf()
myfamily1.print_member()
输出结果为:
hi
the hoster of the family is xiaoli.
there are 1 member:['xiaoduan']
注意:super()的括号不可以缺少,另外,super().__init__('xiaoli')括号中的参数不包括self。
上述两种方法,都可以解决子类调用父类初始化方法,但是第二种还可以解决多继承(python3支持多继承)中的子类调用父类。
参考资料:https://www.runoob.com/python/python-func-super.html