《Lua程序设计(第4版)》:第7章练习答案

练习7-1、2

function exercise7_1and2(filename1,filename2)
  local inputF,outputF
  if filename1 and filename2 then
    inputF=io.open(filename1,"r")
    local filetest=io.open(filename2,"r")
    if filetest then
      io.output():write(filename2," is exist, rewrite it? (Y/N)\n")
      local isexist
      repeat
        isexist=io.input():read(1)
      until isexist=="Y" or isexist=="N"
      if isexist=="N" then
        return -1
      else
        filetest:close()
      end
    end
    outputF=io.open(filename2,"w")
  elseif filename1 then
    inputF=io.open(filename1,"r")
    outputF=io.stdout
  else
    inputF=io.stdin
    outputF=io.stdout
  end
  repeat
    local inx,sp=1,false
    local tab={}
    repeat
      tab[inx]=inputF:read(1)
      inx=inx+1
    until (tab[inx-1]=="\n" or tab[inx-1]==nil)
    if tab[inx-1]==nil then
      sp=true
    end
    tab[inx-1]=nil
    table.sort(tab)
    outputF:write(table.concat(tab),"\n")
  until sp
  inputF:close()
  outputF:close()
end

exercise7_1and2("stdin.txt","stdout.txt")

先将一行的全部字符存取一行的字符至序列，利用table.sort排序后输出

练习7-3

function exercise7_3(fileinput,fileoutput)
  local outputF,time
  ---[==[test for type
  outputF=io.open(fileoutput,"w")
  time=os.time()
  for i in io.lines(fileinput,1) do
    outputF:write(i)
  end
  print(os.time()-time)
  outputF:close()
  --]==]
  ---[==[test for line
  outputF=io.open(fileoutput,"w")
  time=os.time()
  for i in io.lines(fileinput,"L") do
    outputF:write(i)
  end
  print(os.time()-time)
  outputF:close()
  --]==]
  ---[==[test for block/chuck
  outputF=io.open(fileoutput,"w")
  time=os.time()
  for i in io.lines(fileinput,2^13) do
    outputF:write(i)
  end
  print(os.time()-time)
  outputF:close()
  --]==]
  ---[==[test for wholefile
  local inputF=io.open(fileinput,"r")
  outputF=io.open(fileoutput,"w")
  time=os.time()
  local iput=inputF:read("a")
  outputF:write(iput)
  print(os.time()-time)
  inputF:close()
  outputF:close()
  --]==]
end

BigFile=io.open("BigFile","w")
BigFile:write(string.rep("a",2147483647))
BigFile:close()
exercise7_3("BigFile","stdout.txt")

最长字符串支持(2^31-1 = 2147483647字节)，文件大小在该长度下（笔记本，速度仅供参考）

按字节：2234s

按行：162s

按块（每个块8KB）：28s

一次性读取整个文件：30s

最后一种一次性读取整个文件最大支持大小，就是字符串最大长度。

练习7-4

function exercise7_4(inputfile)
  local inputF=io.open(inputfile,"r")
  local seeknow=0
  inputF:seek("end")
  repeat
    inputF:seek("cur",-1)
    local linecheck=inputF:read(1)
    seeknow=inputF:seek("cur",-1)
  until linecheck=="\n" or seeknow==0
  if seeknow~=0 then
      inputF:seek("cur",1)
  end
  local ansstr=inputF:read("a")
  inputF:close()
  return ansstr
end

print(exercise7_4("stdin.txt"))

利用seek从文件尾部向上查找换行，注意文件只有一行的情况！

练习7-5

function exercise7_5(inputfile,cnt)
  cnt=cnt or 1
  local inputF=io.open(inputfile,"r")
  local spcnt,seeknow=0,0
  inputF:seek("end")
  repeat
    inputF:seek("cur",-1)
    local linecheck=inputF:read(1)
    seeknow=inputF:seek("cur",-1)
    if linecheck=="\n" then
      spcnt=spcnt+1
      inputF:seek("cur",-1)
    end
    --print(linecheck)
  until spcnt==cnt or seeknow==0 
  if seeknow~=0 then
    inputF:seek("cur",2)
  end
  local ansstr=inputF:read("a")
  inputF:close()
  return ansstr
end
print(exercise7_5("stdin.txt",2))

同上，默认行数为1

练习7-6

function exercise7_6()
  --os.execute("copy /V /Y /B stdin.txt copy.txt")
  --os.execute("copy copy.txt+stdin.txt tog.txt /B")
  --os.execute("del t**")
  --os.execute("fc /B copy.txt stdin.txt")

  --os.execute("dir /B /O:S")
  --os.execute("mkdir dir")
  --os.execute("rmdir dir")
  
  --io.popen("dir /B /O:S","w")
  --io.popen("mkdir dir","w")
  --io.popen("rmdir dir","w")
end
exercise7_6()

练习7-7

不能，不可以改变正在运行文件的路径

END