android电池电量优化

#android电池电量优化
在09年Google IO大会Jeffrey Sharkey指出android应用的耗电量主要在以下三个方面：

• 大数据量的传输
• 不停地在网络间切换
• 解析大量的文本数据

并提出了相关的优化建议：

• 在需要网络连接的程序中， 首先检查网络连接是否正常，如果没有网络连接，就不要执行相应的程序
• 使用效率高的数据格式和解析方法，推荐使用JSON和Protobuf
• 在进行大数据量下载时，尽量使用GZIP方式下载
• 其他：回收java对象，特别是较大的java对象，使用reset方法；对定位要求不是太高的话尽量不要使用GPS定位；尽量不要使用浮点运算；获取屏幕尺寸等信息可以使用缓存技术，不需要进行多次请求；使用AlarmManager来定时启动服务替代使用sleep方式的定时任务

作为app开发者，应该限制app对电量的影响，当没有网络连接的时候，禁用后台服务更新，当电池电量低的时候减少更新的频率，当电池充电或者电量比较饱和时，可以最大限度的发挥app的刷新率

获取手机的当前充电状态

//It is very easy to subscribe to changes to the battery state,but you can get the current
//state by simply passing null in as your receiver.Nifty,isn't that?
IntentFilter filter=new IntentFilter(Intent.ACTION_BATTERY_CHANGED);
Intent batteryStatus=this.registerReceiver(null,filter);
int chargePlug=batteryStatus.getIntExtra(BatteryManager.EXTRA_PLUGGED,-1);
boolean acCharge=(chargePlug==BatteryManager.BATTERY_PLUGGED_AC);
if(acCharge){
    Log.v(LOG_TAG,“Thephoneischarging!”);
}

优化的建议

• 任何App包括后台Service应该尽可能减少唤醒CPU的次数
• 每次唤醒CPU执行的代码应该尽可能少，从而让CPU迅速恢复休眠
• Wi-Fi比2G、3G更省电
• 尽量在Wi-Fi下传输数据，在有Wi-Fi的时候做预加载，比如应用中心的zip包、离线资源等
• 非Wi-Fi下，尽量减少网络访问，每一次后台交互都要考虑是否必须
• 使用推送，代替循环请求
• 对于自定义控件，通过canvas.clipRect()来帮助系统识别那些可见的区域，这个方法可以指定一块矩形区域，只有在这个区域内才会被绘制，其他的区域会被忽视
• 避免嵌套太多层控件
• 合理使用include、merge
• 避免大量对象被创建又在短时间内马上被释放
• 避免在for循环，onDraw中创建对象，无法避免的可以创建对象池，然后在不使用的时候释放

• JobScheduler API会根据当前的情况与任务，组合出理想的唤醒时间，例如等到正在充电或者连接到WiFi的时候，或者集中任务一起执行，可以通过这个API实现很多免费的调度算法

  //示例
  public class MyJobService extendsJ obService{
      private static final String LOG_TAG="MyJobService";
  
      @Override
      public void onCreate(){
          super.onCreate();
          Log.i(LOG_TAG,"MyJobServi cecreated");
      }
  
      @Override
      public voidon Destroy(){
          super.onDestroy();
          Log.i(LOG_TAG,"MyJobService destroyed");
      }
  
      @Override
      public boolean onStartJob(JobParameters params){
          //This is where you would implement all of the logic for your job.Note that this runs
          //on the main thread,so you will want to use as eparate thread for asynchronous work
          //(as we demonstrate below to establishanet work connection).
          //If you use as eparatethread,return true to indicate that you need a "reschedule" to
          //return to the job at somepoint in the future to finish processing the work.Otherwise,
          //return false whenfinished.
          Log.i(LOG_TAG,"Totally and completely working on job"+params.getJobId());
          //First,check the network,and  the nattempt to connect.
          if(isNetworkConnected()){
              new SimpleDownloadTask().execute(params);
              return true;
          }else{
              Log.i(LOG_TAG,"No connection on job"+params.getJobId()+";sad face");
          }
          return false;
      }
  
      @Override
      public boolean onStopJob(JobParameters params){
          //Called if the job must be stopped before job Finished() has been called.This may
          //happen if the requirements are no longer being met,such as the user no longer
          //connecting to WiFi,or the device no longer being idle.Use this callback to resolve
          //anything that may cause your application to mis behave from the job being halted.
          //Return true if the job should be rescheduled based on there try criteria specified
          //when the job was created or return false to drop the job.Regardless of the value
          //returned,your job must stop executing.
          Log.i(LOG_TAG,"Whelp,something changed,so I'm callingiton job"+params.getJobId());
          return false;
      }
  
      /**
      *Determines if the device is currently on line.
      */
      private boolean isNetworkConnected(){
          ConnectivityManager connectivityManager=
          (ConnectivityManager)getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
          NetworkInfo networkInfo=connectivityManager.getActiveNetworkInfo();
          return(networkInfo!=null&&networkInfo.isConnected());
      }
  
      /**
      *Uses AsyncTask to create a task away from the mainUIthread.This task creates a
      *HTTPUrlConnection,and then downloads the content soft heweb page as an InputStream.
      *The InputStream is then converted to a String,which is logged by the
      *onPostExecute() method.
      */
      private class SimpleDownloadTask extends AsyncTask<JobParameters,Void,String>{
  
      protected JobParameters mJobParam;
  
      @Override
      protected String doInBackground(JobParameters...params){
          //cache system provided job requirements
          mJobParam=params[0];
          try{
              InputStreamis=null;
              //Only display the first 50 characters of the retrieved webpage content.
              int len=50;
  
              URL url=new URL("https://www.google.com");
              HttpURLConnection conn=(HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
              conn.setReadTimeout(10000);//10sec
              conn.setConnectTimeout(15000);//15sec
              conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
              //Starts the query
              conn.connect();
              int response=conn.getResponseCode();
              Log.d(LOG_TAG,"Theresponseis:"+response);
              is=conn.getInputStream();
  
              //Convert the input stream toastring
              Reader reader=null;
              reader=new InputStreamReader(is,"UTF-8");
              char[] buffer=new char[len];
              reader.read(buffer);
              return newString(buffer);
  
              }catch(IOExceptione){
                  return"Unabletoretrievewebpage.";
              }
          }
  
      @Override
      protected void onPostExecute(Stringresult){
          jobFinished(mJobParam,false);
          Log.i(LOG_TAG,result);
          }
      }
  }
  
  //模拟通过点击Button触发N个任务，交给JobService来处理：
  public class FreeTheWakelockActivity extends ActionBarActivity{
      public static final String LOG_TAG="FreeTheWakelockActivity";
  
      TextView mWakeLockMsg;
      ComponentName mServiceComponent;
  
      @Override
      protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){
          super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
          setContentView(R.layout.activity_wakelock);
  
          mWakeLockMsg=(TextView)findViewById(R.id.wakelock_txt);
          mServiceComponent=new ComponentName(this,MyJobService.class);
          Intent startServiceIntent=new Intent(this,MyJobService.class);
          startService(startServiceIntent);
  
          Button theButtonThatWakelocks=(Button)findViewById(R.id.wakelock_poll);
          theButtonThatWakelocks.setText(R.string.poll_server_button);
  
          theButtonThatWakelocks.setOnClickListener(newView.OnClickListener(){
              @Override
              publicvoidonClick(Viewv){
                  pollServer();
              }
          });
      }
  
      /**
          *This method polls the server via the JobScheduler API.By scheduling the job with this API,
                  *your app can be confident it will execute,but without the need for awakelock.Rather,the
          *API will take your networkjobs and execute the min batch to best take advantage of the
          *initial network connection cost.
          *
          *The JobScheduler API works through a background service.In this sample,we have
          *a simple service in MyJobService to get you started.The job isscheduled here in
          *the activity,but the jobit self is executed in MyJobService in the start Job() method.For
          *example,to poll your server,you would create the network connection,send your GET
          *request,and then process the response all in MyJobService.This allows the JobScheduler API
          *to invoke your logic without neededtore start your activity.
          *
          *For brevity in the sample,we are scheduling the same jobsever alt imes in quick succession,
          *but again,try to consider similar task so ccurring over time in your applicationth at can
          *afford towait and maybe nefit from batching.
          */
          publicvoidpollServer(){
              JobScheduler scheduler=(JobScheduler)getSystemService(Context.JOB_SCHEDULER_SERVICE);
              for(inti=0;i<10;i++){
                  JobInfo jobInfo=new JobInfo.Builder(i,mServiceComponent)
                      .setMinimumLatency(5000)//5seconds
                      .setOverrideDeadline(60000)//60seconds(forbrevityinthesample)
                      .setRequiredNetworkType(JobInfo.NETWORK_TYPE_ANY)//WiFiordataconnections
                      .build();
  
                  mWakeLockMsg.append("Schedulingjob"+i+"!n");
                  scheduler.schedule(jobInfo);
              }
          }
      }
  

• 在移动网络下，最好做到批量执行网络请求，尽量避免频繁的间隔网络请求