Roman numerals are represented by seven different symbols: I
, V
, X
, L
, C
, D
and M
.
Symbol Value
I 1
V 5
X 10
L 50
C 100
D 500
M 1000
For example, two is written as II
in Roman numeral, just two one's added together. Twelve is written as, XII
, which is simply X
+ II
. The number twenty seven is written as XXVII
, which is XX
+ V
+ II
.
Roman numerals are usually written largest to smallest from left to right. However, the numeral for four is not IIII
. Instead, the number four is written as IV
. Because the one is before the five we subtract it making four. The same principle applies to the number nine, which is written as IX
. There are six instances where subtraction is used:
I
can be placed beforeV
(5) andX
(10) to make 4 and 9.X
can be placed beforeL
(50) andC
(100) to make 40 and 90.C
can be placed beforeD
(500) andM
(1000) to make 400 and 900.
Given a roman numeral, convert it to an integer. Input is guaranteed to be within the range from 1 to 3999.
Example 1:
Input: "III"
Output: 3
Example 2:
Input: "IV"
Output: 4
Example 3:
Input: "IX"
Output: 9
Example 4:
Input: "LVIII"
Output: 58
Explanation: L = 50, V= 5, III = 3.
Example 5:
Input: "MCMXCIV"
Output: 1994
Explanation: M = 1000, CM = 900, XC = 90 and IV = 4.
思路:
1.用到map数据结构,来将罗马数字的字母转化为对应的整数值,因为输入的一定是罗马数字,那么我们只要考虑两种情况即可:
第一,如果当前数字是最后一个数字,或者之后的数字比它小的话,则加上当前数字。
第二,其他情况则减去这个数字。
C++代码:
class Solution {
public:
int romanToInt(string s) {
int res=0;
unordered_map<char,int> m{{'I',1},{'V',5},{'X',10},{'L',50},{'C',100},{'D',500},{'M',1000}};
for(int i=0;i<s.size();i++)
{
if(i==s.size()-1||m[s[i]]>=m[s[i+1]])
{
res+=m[s[i]];
}
else
{
res-=m[s[i]];
}
}
return res;
}
};