macOS-NSBezierPath画直线矩形三角形文字等

总结Cocoa下画直线、矩形、文字的方法，在界面开发种经常会遇到。要掌握Cocoa画图，首先要知道，NSPoint和NSRect,一个保存坐标点，一个保存一个矩形坐标和长宽，还要明白Cocoa的画布是NSView类，画笔是NSBezierPath类，画图都是通过NSBezierPath这个类对象来实现绘图。

第二种方法：

一个Graphics Context表示一个绘制目标。它包含绘制系统用于完成绘制指令的绘制参数和设备相关信息。Graphics Context定义了基本的绘制属性，如颜色、裁减区域、线条宽度和样式信息、字体信息、混合模式等。

我们可以通过几种方式来获取Graphics Context：Quartz提供的创建函数、Mac OS X框架或IOS的UIKit框架提供的函数。Quartz提供了多种Graphics Context的创建函数，包括bitmap和PDF，我们可以使用这些Graphics Context创建自定义的内容。

1.画直线，有四种方法。

//(1)直线的本质是一个高度较小的矩形
NSRect rect5 = NSMakeRect(50, 70, 1, 250);
NSBezierPath *path1 = [NSBezierPath bezierPathWithRect:rect5];
[[NSColor redColor] set];
[path1 fill];

//(2)通过两个点画直线
NSBezierPath *path = [NSBezierPath bezierPath];
NSPoint pt1 = NSMakePoint(50, 70);
NSPoint pt2 = NSMakePoint(350, 0);
[path moveToPoint:pt1];
[path relativeLineToPoint:pt2];
[path setLineWidth:1];
[[NSColor blueColor] set];
[path stroke];

//(3)无需画笔，直接填充
[[NSColor yellowColor] set];
NSRect lineRect = NSMakeRect(50, 320, 350, 1);
NSRectFill(lineRect);

//(4)CGContentext
CGContextRef myContext = [[NSGraphicsContext  currentContext] graphicsPort];
CGContextSetRGBFillColor (myContext, 0, 255, 0, 1);
CGContextFillRect (myContext, CGRectMake (400, 70, 1, 250 ));

画表格示例：

for (int i =20; i < 240; i += 20) {
    NSRect lineRect1 = NSMakeRect(20, i, 200, 1);
    NSRectFill(lineRect1);
    
    NSRect lineRect2 = NSMakeRect(i, 20, 1, 200);
    NSRectFill(lineRect2);
}

2.画虚线

//(1)
NSBezierPath *path = [NSBezierPath bezierPath];
CGFloat array[2];
array[0] = 3.0;
array[1] = 1.0;

[path setLineDash:array count:2 phase:0];
NSPoint pt1 = NSMakePoint(50, 200);
NSPoint pt2 = NSMakePoint(300, 0);
[path moveToPoint:pt1];
[path relativeLineToPoint:pt2];
[path setLineWidth:1];
[[NSColor redColor] set];
[path stroke];

//(2)
CGContextRef context = [[NSGraphicsContext currentContext] graphicsPort];
CGContextSetLineWidth(context, 1);

CGFloat dashArray[] = {3,1};

CGContextSetLineDash(context, 1, dashArray, 1);//跳过3个再画虚线，所以刚开始有6-（3-2）=5个虚点

CGContextMoveToPoint(context, 50, 100);

CGContextAddLineToPoint(context, 350, 100);

CGContextStrokePath(context);

3.画矩形

//2.画矩形

//(1)NSBezierPath
NSRect rect1 = NSMakeRect(200, 200, 50, 50);
NSBezierPath *thePath1 = [NSBezierPath bezierPathWithRect:rect1];
NSColor *theColor1 = [NSColor redColor];
[theColor1 set];
[thePath1 fill];

//(2)无需画笔，直接填充
[[NSColor blackColor] set];
NSRect rect2 = NSMakeRect(250, 100, 150, 45);
NSRectFill(rect2);

//(3)CGContent
CGContextRef myContext2 = [[NSGraphicsContext  currentContext] graphicsPort];
CGContextSetRGBFillColor (myContext2, 255, 0, 255, 1);
CGContextFillRect (myContext2, CGRectMake (100, 100, 150, 45 ));

4.画椭圆

//3.画椭圆
//(1)
NSBezierPath *path3 = [NSBezierPath bezierPathWithOvalInRect:NSMakeRect(150, 150, 100, 50)];
[[NSColor whiteColor] set];
[path3 fill];
//(2)
//可通过两个参数来控制边角的弧度
NSBezierPath *path2 = [NSBezierPath bezierPathWithRoundedRect:NSMakeRect(150, 200, 100, 50) xRadius:90 yRadius:90];
[[NSColor lightGrayColor] set];
[path2 fill];

//(3)
CGContextRef ctx = [[NSGraphicsContext currentContext] graphicsPort];
CGContextAddEllipseInRect(ctx, NSMakeRect(150, 250, 100, 50));
CGContextSetRGBFillColor(ctx, 255, 255, 0, 1);
CGContextFillPath(ctx);

5.画圆

//(1)
NSBezierPath *path3 = [NSBezierPath bezierPathWithOvalInRect:NSMakeRect(150, 50, 100, 100)];
[[NSColor whiteColor] set];
[path3 fill];
//(2)
//可通过两个参数来控制边角的弧度
NSBezierPath *path2 = [NSBezierPath bezierPathWithRoundedRect:NSMakeRect(150, 150, 100, 100) xRadius:90 yRadius:90];
[[NSColor lightGrayColor] set];
[path2 fill];

//(3)
CGContextRef ctx = [[NSGraphicsContext currentContext] graphicsPort];
CGContextAddEllipseInRect(ctx, NSMakeRect(150, 250, 100, 100));
CGContextSetRGBFillColor(ctx, 255, 255, 0, 1);
CGContextFillPath(ctx);

6.画三角形

NSBezierPath *path = [NSBezierPath bezierPath];
NSPoint pt1 = NSMakePoint(50, 50);
NSPoint pt2 = NSMakePoint(50, 50);
NSPoint pt3 = NSMakePoint(50, -50);
NSPoint pt4 = NSMakePoint(-100, 0);
[path moveToPoint:pt1];
[path relativeLineToPoint:pt2];
[path relativeLineToPoint:pt3];
[path relativeLineToPoint:pt4];
[path stroke];

[[NSColor redColor] set];
[path fill];

7画文字

//4.画字体

//(1)NSString绘制字符串
NSString * s1 = @"hello wrold";
NSMutableDictionary *md = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
//字体类型和大小
[md setObject:[NSFont fontWithName:@"Arial" size:20] forKey:NSFontAttributeName];
//字体颜色
[md setObject:[NSColor yellowColor] forKey:NSForegroundColorAttributeName];
[s1 drawAtPoint:NSMakePoint(200, 300) withAttributes:md];

//(2)NSMutableAttributedString绘制带属性字符串
NSMutableAttributedString *s = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] initWithString:@"Big Nerd Ranch"];
//字体类型和大小
[s addAttribute:NSFontAttributeName value:[NSFont fontWithName:@"Arial Black" size:22] range:NSMakeRange(0,14)];
//给字体加下划线
[s addAttribute:NSUnderlineStyleAttributeName value:[NSNumber numberWithInt:1] range:NSMakeRange(0,3)];
//字体颜色
[s addAttribute:NSForegroundColorAttributeName value:[NSColor greenColor] range:NSMakeRange(0,8)];
//上下移动
[s addAttribute:NSSuperscriptAttributeName value:[NSNumber numberWithInt:1] range:NSMakeRange(0, 5)];
[s drawInRect:[self bounds]];

//(3)CGContext

NSPoint point = NSMakePoint(80, 80);
CGContextRef myContext = [[NSGraphicsContext currentContext] graphicsPort];
CGContextSelectFont (myContext, "Helvetica-Bold",1,kCGEncodingMacRoman);
CGContextSetCharacterSpacing (myContext, 0.5);
CGContextSetTextDrawingMode (myContext, kCGTextFill);    
CGContextSetRGBFillColor (myContext, 0, 1, 0, 0.5);
CGContextShowTextAtPoint (myContext,point.x , point.y, "www.google.com", 14);

也可以直接画在控件上，像如下：
NSMutableAttributedString *s = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] initWithString:@“Big Nerd Ranch”];
//字体大小
[s addAttribute:NSFontAttributeName value:[NSFont fontWithName:@“Arial Black” size:22] range:NSMakeRange(0,14)];
//给字体加下划线
[s addAttribute:NSUnderlineStyleAttributeName value:[NSNumber numberWithInt:1] range:NSMakeRange(0,3)];
//字体颜色
[s addAttribute:NSForegroundColorAttributeName value:[NSColor greenColor] range:NSMakeRange(0,8)];
//上下移动
[s addAttribute:NSSuperscriptAttributeName value:[NSNumber numberWithInt:1] range:NSMakeRange(0, 5)];

[button setAttributedTitle:s];
[label setAttributedStringValue:s];