在servlet中生成验证码图片（二）

在原有生成验证码的功能基础上进行优化、修改，得此代码。该版本可以配置部分参数，如输出图片的类型、生成验证码使用的字符字典、在session中存取时使用的KEY等。如果您想了解旧代码，请参考：在servlet中生成验证码图片（http://blog.csdn.net/binbinxyz/article/details/18108271）。

package org.hbin.demo;

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;

import com.sun.image.codec.jpeg.JPEGCodec;
import com.sun.image.codec.jpeg.JPEGImageEncoder;

/**
 * 

 * 验证码图片
 * 
 * 

 * 生成验证码图片。可以配置字符字典、在session中存取验证码时使用的KEY、输出图片的类型三个参数。其中输出图片类型支持GIF/gif、JPG/jpg、PNG/png三种格式，默认PNG/png格式。
 * 
 * 

 * 使用该类时，你可以参考如下方式在web.xml文件中配置Servlet：
 * 

 * <servlet>
 * 	<servlet-name>SimpleCaptchaServlet</servlet-name>
 * 	<servlet-class>org.hbin.demo.SimpleCaptchaServlet</servlet-class>
 * 	<init-param>
 * 		<param-name>map</param-name>
 * 		<param-value>ABCDEFghijkl</param-value>
 * 	</init-param>
 * 	<init-param>
 * 		<param-name>key</param-name>
 * 		<param-value>checkcode</param-value>
 * 	</init-param>
 * 	<init-param>
 * 		<param-name>imageType</param-name>
 * 		<param-value>JPG</param-value>
 * 	</init-param>
 * </servlet>
 * 
 * <servlet-mapping>
 * 	<servlet-name>SimpleCaptchaServlet</servlet-name>
 * 	<url-pattern>captcha.image</url-pattern>
 * </servlet-mapping>
 * 
 * 在你的html/jsp页面中，你可以这样写：

 * 
<img alt="看不清楚?点击刷新" src="captcha.image" οnclick="" style="cursor: pointer;"/>
 * 

 * @file org/hbin/demo/CheckcodeImageServlet.java
 * @author hbin (cn.binbin@qq.com)
 * @version 2.0
 * @date 2014/01/12
 */
public class SimpleCaptchaServlet extends HttpServlet
{
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1110943583459995271L;

	protected static final String PNG = "image/png";
	protected static final String JPG = "image/jpeg";
	protected static final String GIF = "image/gif";

	/**
	 * 默认字符字典。

	 * 删除了人眼不易识别的数字0、1以及字母i、I、l、L、o、O
	 */
	protected static final String DEFAULT_MAP = "23456789abcdefghjkmnpqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHJKMNPQRSTUVWXYZ";

	/**
	 * 默认的HTTP Content-Type
	 */
	protected static final String DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = PNG;

	/**
	 * 在session中存取验证码时默认使用的KEY
	 */
	protected static final String DEFAULT_KEY = "captcha";

	/**
	 * 验证码的默认长度
	 */
	protected static final int LENGTH = 4;

	/**
	 * 图片默认宽度
	 */
	protected static final int WIDTH = 100;

	/**
	 * 图片默认高度
	 */
	protected static final int HEIGHT = 30;

	/**
	 * 随机数生成器
	 */
	protected final Random r = new Random();

	/**
	 * Log4j's Logger instance.
	 */
	protected static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(SimpleCaptchaServlet.class);

	/**
	 * 

	 * 字符字典。

	 * 
	 * 最小长度是3。可以包含大小写字母及数字。
	 */
	protected String map;

	/**
	 * 在session中存取验证码时使用的KEY
	 */
	protected String key;

	/**
	 * 

	 * 输出图片的类型

	 * 
	 * 支持GIF/gif、JPG/jpg、PNG/png三种格式，默认PNG/png格式。
	 */
	protected String imageType;

	/**
	 * HTTP Content-Type
	 */
	protected String contentType;

	/**
	 * 随机生成一种颜色
	 * 
	 * @return 生成的颜色
	 */
	protected Color generateRandomColor()
	{
		return new Color(r.nextInt(255), r.nextInt(255), r.nextInt(255));
	}

	/**
	 * 根据指定字符字典，生成指定长度的随机字符串
	 * 
	 * @param map
	 *            指定的字符字典
	 * @param length
	 *            指定的长度
	 * @return 指定长度的随机字符串
	 */
	protected String generateRandomString(String map, int length)
	{
		StringBuffer b = new StringBuffer();

		for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
		{
			b.append(map.charAt(r.nextInt(map.length())));
		}

		log.info("Generate a Image: length=" + length + ", string="
				+ b.toString());

		return b.toString();
	}

	/**
	 * Initialize this servlet.
	 * 
	 * @throws ServletException
	 */
	public void init() throws ServletException
	{
		String value = null;

		value = getServletConfig().getInitParameter("map");
		if (value != null && Pattern.matches("[a-zA-Z0-9]{3,}", value))
		{
			map = value;
			log.info("Initializing map with config value: " + map);
		} else
		{
			map = DEFAULT_MAP;
			log.info("Initializing map with default value: " + map);
		}

		value = getServletConfig().getInitParameter("key");
		if (value != null)
		{
			key = value;
			log.info("Initializing key with config value: " + key);
		} else
		{
			key = DEFAULT_KEY;
			log.info("Initializing key with default value: " + key);
		}

		value = getServletConfig().getInitParameter("imageType");
		if (value != null && value.toLowerCase().matches("(gif)|(jpg)|(png)"))
		{
			value = value.toLowerCase();
			if ("gif".equals(value))
			{
				contentType = GIF;
			} else if ("jpg".equals(contentType))
			{
				contentType = JPG;
			} else
			{
				contentType = PNG;
			}
			log.info("Initializing contentType with config value: "
					+ contentType);
		} else
		{
			contentType = DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE;
			log.info("Initializing contentType with default value: "
					+ contentType);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Process an HTTP "GET" request.
	 * 
	 * @param req
	 * @param resp
	 * @throws ServletException
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
			throws ServletException, IOException
	{
		doPost(req, resp);
	}

	/**
	 * Process an HTTP "POST" request.
	 * 
	 * @param req
	 * @param resp
	 * @throws ServletException
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
			throws ServletException, IOException
	{
		// 设置响应类型为图片
		resp.setContentType(contentType);

		// 把页面设置为不缓存，禁止浏览器缓存该验证码图像
		resp.setHeader("Pragma", "No-cache");
		resp.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
		resp.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);

		log.info("Generate an Image: begin ...");

		// 生成4位长度的验证码
		String captcha = generateRandomString(map, LENGTH);

		// 将生成的验证码字符转换成小写并存入session
		req.getSession(true).setAttribute(key, captcha.toLowerCase());
		log.info("Generate an Image: a String (value:" + captcha.toLowerCase()
				+ ") is stored into session with key '" + key + "'.");

		// 在内存中创建图象
		BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(WIDTH, HEIGHT,
				BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
		// 创建该图片的绘图对象
		Graphics2D g = image.createGraphics();

		// 创建一个较浅的颜色作为背景色
		Color c = new Color(Integer.parseInt("E6E6E6", 16));
		g.setColor(c);
		// 填充背景色
		g.fillRect(0, 0, WIDTH, HEIGHT);

		// 创建一个颜色作为边框颜色
		c = new Color(Integer.parseInt("A4A4A4", 16));
		g.setColor(c);
		// 画边框
		g.drawRect(0, 0, WIDTH - 1, HEIGHT - 1);

		// 随机干扰
		for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
		{
			g.setColor(generateRandomColor());
			g.drawLine(r.nextInt(WIDTH), r.nextInt(HEIGHT), r.nextInt(WIDTH),
					r.nextInt(HEIGHT));
		}

		// 设置字体
		Font font = new Font("Times New Roman", Font.BOLD, 20);
		g.setFont(font);

		// 将验证码字符绘到图象中
		for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
		{
			g.setColor(generateRandomColor());
			String s = Character.toString(captcha.charAt(i));
			g.drawString(s, 20 * i + 10, HEIGHT - 6);
		}

		log.info("Generate an Image: write data to Stream ...");

		// 获取页面输出流
		ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();
		// 输出图像
		// ImageIO.write(image, "jpeg", out);

		// 输出图像（该方式比上面的ImageIO更加高效）
		JPEGImageEncoder encoder = JPEGCodec.createJPEGEncoder(out);
		encoder.encode(image);

		// 刷新
		out.flush();
		log.info("Generate an Image: completed.");
	}
}